EJB 查询:BNF 语法

巴科斯范式 (BNF) 是最常使用的表示法之一,用于指定编程语言或命令集的语法。本文列示 Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 查询语言的语法。

EJB QL ::= [select_clause] from_clause [where_clause] [order_by_clause]

DYNAMIC EJB QL := query_expression  [order_by_clause]  

query_expression := query_term [UNION [ALL] query_term]*

query_term :=  {select_clause_dynamic  from_clause  [where_clause] 
		[group_by_clause] [having_clause] } | (query_expression) }  [order_by_clause]


from_clause::=FROM identification_variable_declaration 
               [, {identification_variable_declaration | collection_member_declaration } ]*

identification_variable_declaration::=collection_member_declaration |
       range_variable_declaration [join]*

join :=  [ { LEFT [OUTER] | INNER  }]  JOIN  {collection_valued_path_expression | single_valued_path_expression} [AS] identifier

collection_member_declaration::=
       IN ( collection_valued_path_expression ) [AS] identifier
range_variable_declaration::=abstract_schema_name [AS] identifier
single_valued_path_expression ::=
       {single_valued_navigation | identification_variable}. ( cmp_field |  	
		            method  |  cmp_field.value_object_attribute |  cmp_field.value_object_method )
          | single_valued_navigation
single_valued_navigation::=
       identification_variable.[  single_valued_cmr_field.  ]* 
            single_valued_cmr_field
collection_valued_path_expression ::=
       identification_variable.[  single_valued_cmr_field.  ]* 
           collection_valued_cmr_field
select_clause::= SELECT { ALL | DISTINCT }  {single_valued_path_expression |
                         identification_variable |  OBJECT ( identification_variable) |
	       aggregate_functions } 

select_clause_dynamic ::= SELECT { ALL | DISTINCT }  [ selection , ]*  selection
selection  ::= { expression |  subselect } [[AS] id ]  
order_by_clause::= ORDER BY [ {single_valued_path_expression | integer}  [ASC|DESC],]*
      {single_valued_path_expression | integer}[ASC|DESC]
where_clause::= WHERE conditional_expression
conditional_expression ::= conditional_term | 
                           conditional_expression OR conditional_termconditional_term ::= conditional_factor | 
                     conditional_term AND conditional_factorconditional_factor ::= [NOT] conditional_primaryconditional_primary::=simple_cond_expression | (conditional_expression)
simple_cond_expression ::= comparison_expression | between_expression | 
       like_expression | in_expression | null_comparison_expression |
       empty_collection_comparison_expression | quantified_expression |
       exists_expression | is_of_type_expression  |  collection_member_expression
between_expression ::= expression [NOT] BETWEEN expression AND expression
in_expression ::= single_valued_path_expression [NOT] IN 
           { (subselect) |  ( [ atom ,]* atom )  }

atom = { string-literal | numeric-constant | input-parameter }                
like_expression ::= expression [NOT] LIKE 
                {string_literal | input_parameter} 
                [ESCAPE {string_literal | input_parameter}]
null_comparison_expression ::= 
       single_valued_path_expression IS [ NOT ] NULL
empty_collection_comparison_expression ::=
       collection_valued_path_expression IS [NOT] EMPTY
collection_member_expression  ::=
       { single_valued_path_expression |  input_paramter }  [ NOT ] MEMBER [ OF ]
         collection_valued_path_expression
quantified_expression ::=
       expression comparison_operator  {SOME | ANY | ALL} (subselect)
exists_expression ::= EXISTS {collection_valued_path_expression |  (subselect)}
subselect ::= SELECT [{ ALL | DISTINCT }]  expression  from_clause [where_clause] 
       [group_by_clause] [having_clause]
group_by_clause::= GROUP BY [single_valued_path_expression,]*
                    single_valued_path_expression
having_clause ::= HAVING conditional_expression

is_of_type_expression ::= identifier  IS OF TYPE
            ([[ONLY] abstract_schema_name,]* [ONLY] abstract_schema_name)
comparison_expression ::=  expression   comparison_operator { expression |  ( subquery ) }
comparison_operator ::=    = | > | >= | < | <= | <> 

method ::=  method_name( [[expression , ]* expression ] )
expression ::= term |   expression {+|-} term
term ::=  factor |  term {*|/} factor
factor ::= {+|-} primary
primary ::= single_valued_path_expression | literal |
       ( expression ) |  input_parameter | functions | aggregate_functions
aggregate_functions :=
       AVG([ALL|DISTINCT] expression) |
       COUNT({[ALL|DISTINCT] expression | * | identification_variable }) |
       MAX([ALL|DISTINCT] expression) |
       MIN([ALL|DISTINCT] expression) |
       SUM([ALL|DISTINCT] expression) |

functions ::=
        ABS(expression) | 
        BIGINT(expression) |
        CHAR({expression [,{ISO|USA|EUR|JIS}] )  |
        CONCAT (expression , expression ) |
        DATE(expression) |
        DAY({expression ) |
        DAYS( expression) |
        DECIMAL( expression [,integer[,integer]])
        DIGITS( expression) |
        DOUBLE( expression ) |
        FLOAT( expression) |
        HOUR ( expression ) |
        INTEGER( expression ) |
        LCASE ( expression) |
        LENGTH(expression) |
        LOCATE( expression, expression [, expression] ) |
        MICROSECOND( expression ) |
        MINUTE ( expression ) |
        MOD (expression, expression) |
        MONTH( expression ) |
        REAL( expression) |
        SECOND( expression ) |
        SMALLINT( expression )  |
        SQRT (  expression) |
        SUBSTRING( expression, expression[, expression]) |
        TIME( expression ) |
        TIMESTAMP( expression ) |
        UCASE ( expression) |
        YEAR( expression )
xrel := XREL identification_variable . { single_valued_cmr_field | collection_valued_cmr_field }
	            	            [ , identification_variable . { single_valued_cmr_field | collection_valued_cmr_field } ]*

EJB 查询限制和异常

CMP 继承和 FROM 子句连接用法的 EJB-QL 限制
已发现 EJB-QL 解析器会错误地使用与下列累积条件匹配的查询来生成 SQL:
  • EJB-QL 查询包含 FROM 子句中的连接(例如,FROM Entity a, IN (a.b.c.d) dGroup)。
  • EJB-QL 查询包含谓词,该谓词通过还与 FROM 子句连接相关联的内部路径元素进行浏览(例如,WHERE a.b.g.id = :?1)。
  • FROM 连接中的一个或多个非叶路径实体使用实体类型继承(例如,b extends b_super)。
  • 由谓词中的公共路径元素进行寻址的实体也使用实体类型继承(例如,g extends g_super)。
EJB 查询处理器将发出 WQRY1113E 警告,此警告可能指示已遇到此场景。

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