Glossary

This glossary includes terms and definitions for WebSphere Business Modeler, WebSphere Integration Developer, WebSphere Business Monitor, WebSphere Process Server, WebSphere Process Server for z/OS, WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus, WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus for z/OS, WebSphere Application Server, WebSphere Business Services Fabric, WebSphere Adapters, WebSphere Portal, WebSphere Partner Gateway, WebSphere Service Registry and Repository, WebSphere Business Integration for Financial Networks, WebSphere Business Events, WebSphere DataPower, WebSphere Extended Deployment, WebSphere Virtual Enterprise, WebSphere eXtreme Scale, and WebSphere Extended Deployment Compute Grid.

The following cross-references are used in this glossary:
  1. See refers you from a term to a preferred synonym, or from an acronym or abbreviation to the defined full form.
  2. See also refers you to a related or contrasting term.

To view glossaries for other IBM products, go to www.ibm.com/software/globalization/terminology.

A

abstract schema

Part of the deployment descriptor for an entity bean that is used to define the bean's relationships, persistent fields, or query statements.

abstract test

A component or unit test that is used to test Java interfaces, abstract classes, and superclasses; that cannot be run on its own; and that does not include a test suite. See also component test.

abstract type

A type that can never be instantiated and whose members are exposed only in instances of concrete types that are derived from it.

Abstract Window Toolkit

In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments. (Sun) See also Swing Set, Standard Widget Toolkit.

access bean

An enterprise bean wrapper that is typically used by client programs, such as JSP files and servlets. Access beans hide the complexity of using enterprise beans and improve the performance of reading and writing multiple EJB properties.

access client

A component that acts as an intermediary between collaborations and an external process such as a Web server. The access client communicates with InterChange Server through Server Access Interface.

access control

In computer security, the process of ensuring that users can access only those resources of a computer system for which they are authorized.

access control list

In computer security, a list associated with an object that identifies all the subjects that can access the object and their access rights.

access ID

The unique identification of a user used during authorization to determine if access is permitted to the resource.

access intent

Metadata that optimizes and controls the runtime behavior of an entity bean with respect to concurrency control, resource management, and database access strategies.

access intent policy

A grouping of access intents that governs a type of data access pattern for enterprise bean persistence.

accessor

In computer security, an object that uses a resource. Users and groups are accessors.

access point group

A collection of core groups that defines the set of core groups in the same cell or in different cells that communicate with each other.

access request

A request from an access client to InterChange Server.

access response

Response returned from a component in InterChange Server to an access request.

ACID transaction

A transaction involving multiple resource managers using the two-phase commit process to ensure atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable (ACID) properties.

action

1. A single step that specifies a unit of work in a collaboration business process.

See also action node, activity, code fragment, collaboration template.

2. A series of processing steps, such as document validation and transformation.

3. In a business rule, the event that results from the evaluation of the condition.

4. An activity that is run on a transition.

5. A business process that is generated in response to the processing of an event.

Action class

In Struts, the superclass of all action classes.

action mapping

A Struts configuration file entry that associates an action name with an Action class, a form bean, and a local forward.

action node

A unit of work within an activity diagram of a collaboration template. Every action node has an associated Java code fragment that defines the actions in the unit of work. Within an activity diagram in Process Designer, an action node is represented by a rounded rectangle symbol. See also action, code fragment.

action object

An abstraction of the fields in the action definition.

action packet

The set of data that is passed in an action from the event processing server (runtime server) to an external system using the technology connectors. See also connector packet, event packet.

action rule

A rule in which the action is always performed. See also rule set, if-then rule.

action service

A service that triggers a process or notification to inform users about a situation.

action service handler

An entity that is responsible for the invocation mechanism of one or more action services.

action set

In Eclipse, a group of commands that a perspective contributes to the main toolbar and menu bar.

activation

In Java, the process of transferring an enterprise bean from secondary storage to memory. (Sun) See also passivation.

activation condition

A Boolean expression in a node within a business process that specifies when processing is to begin.

active working set

The logical collection of application projects that is currently displayed in the Broker Application Development perspective. See also working set.

activity

1. A unit of work or a building block that performs a specific, discrete programmatic task.

See also task.

2. A set of steps that perform a portion of a scenario.

See also action, activity diagram, scenario.

3. An element of a process, such as a task, a subprocess, a loop, or a decision. Activities are represented as nodes in process diagrams.

Activity Decision Flow

The format in which models are exported from WebSphere Business Integration Workbench into WebSphere Business Modeler.

activity diagram

A graphical implementation of an activity, including actions, execution flow, and external calls. An activity diagram contains symbols that specify the steps, the order of the steps, and the logic that determines how they execute. See also activity.

adapter

1. A set of software modules that communicate with an integration broker and with applications or technologies to perform tasks such as executing application logic and exchanging data.

2. An intermediary software component that allows two other software components to communicate with one another.

Address Resolution Protocol

A protocol that dynamically maps an IP address to a network adapter address in a local area network.

administrative agent

A program that provides administrative support without requiring a direct connection to a database.

administrator

A person responsible for administrative tasks such as access authorization and content management. Administrators can also grant levels of authority to users.

Advanced Program-to-Program Communication

An implementation of the SNA LU 6.2 protocol that allows interconnected systems to communicate and share the processing of programs.

after-image

A business object that contains all of an entity's data after changes have been made to it during an update operation. An after-image contains the complete business object rather than only the primary key and those elements that were changed. See also delta business object.

agent

A program that performs an action on behalf of a user or other program without user intervention or on a regular schedule, and reports the results back to the user or program.

aggregate metric

A metric that is calculated by finding the average, maximum, minimum, sum, or number of occurrences of an instance metric across multiple runs of a process. Examples of aggregate metrics are an average order amount, a maximum order amount, a minimum order amount, the total order amount, or the number of occurrences of $500 for an order amount.

aggregation

The structured collection of data objects for subsequent presentation within a portal.

alarm listener

A type of asynchronous bean that is called when a high-speed transient alarm expires.

alert

A message or other indication that signals an event or an impending event.

algorithm mapping

A process by which service providers can define the mapping of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) algorithms to cryptographic algorithms that are used for XML digital signature and XML encryption.

alias

An assumed or actual association between two data entities, or between a data entity and a pointer.

annotate

To add metadata to an object to describe services and data.

annotation

An added descriptive comment or explanatory note.

anonymous user

A user who does not use a valid user ID and password to log into a site. See also authenticated user, registered user.

API content model

A model that describes how XML documents, and their extended metadata, are represented.

applet

A program that performs a specific task and is usually portable between operating systems. Often written in Java, applets can be downloaded from the Internet and run in a Web browser.

applet client

A client that runs within a browser-based Java runtime environment, and is capable of interacting with enterprise beans directly instead of indirectly through a servlet.

application

One or more computer programs or software components that provide a function in direct support of a specific business process or processes.

application assembly

The process of creating an enterprise archive (EAR) file containing all the files related to an application as well as an Extensible Markup Language (XML) deployment descriptor for the application.

application client

In Java EE, a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine. Application clients have access to some Java EE platform APIs, for example JNDI, JDBC, RMI-IIOP, and JMS. (Sun)

application client module

A Java archive (JAR) file that contains a client that accesses a Java application. The Java application runs inside a client container and can connect to remote or client-side Java EE resources.

Application Client project

A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine.

application delivery notification

A delivery notification that is passed to an application. Typically, an application delivery notification is based on a network delivery notification, for example a FileAct delivery notification, but has been modified in some way by the service that exchanges data directly with the application. See also FileAct delivery notification.

application edition

A unique deployment of a particular application. Multiple editions of the same application have the same application name, while edition names are unique.

application edition manager

An autonomic manager that manages interruption-free production application deployments.

application entity

A logical grouping of application data into a unit with a discrete function, such as a case, contract, contact, or item. An application data entity is an application's way of organizing data in database tables into units or objects that correspond to business functions.

application event

An operation that modifies an application entity and is of interest to the WebSphere business integration system. See also event, event detection.

application infrastructure virtualization

The pool of application server resources that separates applications from the physical infrastructure on which they run. As a result, workload can be dynamically placed and migrated across the application server pool.

application LT

A logical terminal (LT) that is used by one or more applications, but that is not used for LT sessions.

Application Messaging Interface

The programming interface that defines a high level interface to message queuing services. See also Java Message Service, Message Queue Interface.

application placement controller

An autonomic manager that can start and stop application instances on servers to meet the fluctuating demand of work requests and varying service policy definitions.

application program

A complete, self-contained program, such as a text editor or a Web browser, that performs a specific task for the user, in contrast to system software, such as the operating system kernel, server processes, and program libraries.

application programming interface

An interface that allows an application program that is written in a high-level language to use specific data or functions of the operating system or another program.

Application Response Measurement

An application programming interface (API), developed by a group of technology vendors, that can be used to monitor the availability and performance of business transactions within and across diverse applications and systems.

Application Response Measurement agent

An agent that monitors software that is implemented using the Application Response Measurement standard.

application server

A server program in a distributed network that provides the execution environment for an application program.

application-specific business object

A business object whose attributes represent an entity in an application's data model. Such a business object usually contains attributes that correspond to the fields of the application entity, and contains application-specific metadata, which gives the connector information on how to process the business object and its attributes. See also metadata, generic business object.

application-specific component

The component of a connector that contains code tailored to a particular application or technology. The application-specific component can respond to requests and implement an event-notification mechanism that detects and responds to events initiated by an application or external programmatic entity.

application-specific information

Part of the metadata of a business object that enables the connector to interact with its application (for example, Ariba Buyer) or a data source (for example, a Web servlet). See also metadata.

application virtualization

The separation of an application from the underlying operating environment, which improves portability, compatability, and managability of the application.

archive table

A table created in an application to store information about a processed event. This table is created as part of the installation and configuration of a connector. Not all connectors use an archive table.

array attribute

An attribute that represents an array of child business objects in a WebSphere business integration system. The type of this attribute is the same as that of the array it represents. See also attribute, child business object, simple attribute, single-cardinality attribute.

artifact

An entity that is used or produced by a software development process. Examples of artifacts are models, source files, scripts, and binary executable files.

aspect-oriented connectivity

A form of connectivity that implements or enforces cross-cutting aspects in service-oriented architecture (SOA), such as security, management, logging, and auditing, by removing such aspects from the concern of the service requesters and providers.

assertion

1. A logical expression specifying a program state that must exist or a set of conditions that program variables must satisfy at a particular point during program execution.

2. A capability or requirement that represent a domain specific concept. Assertions fall into the following categories: performance, reliability, interoperability, security, and manageability.

asset

A collection of artifacts that provide a solution to a specific business problem. Assets can have relationships and variability or extension points to other assets.

asset tree

The hierarchical list of assets that can be viewed and configured.

assisted life-cycle server

A representation of a server that is created outside of the administrative domain but can be managed in the administrative console.

assistive technology

Hardware or software that is used to increase, maintain, or assist the functional capabilities of people with disabilities.

associated type

An object that refers to a source object. See also referenced type.

association

1. For XML documents, the linkage of the document itself to the rules that govern its structure, which might be defined by a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML schema.

2. In enterprise beans, a relationship that exists between two container-managed persistence (CMP) entity beans. There are two types of association: one-to-one and one-to-many.

asymmetric algorithm

See public key algorithm.

asymmetric cryptography

See public key cryptography.

ASYNC

See asynchronous.

asynchronous

Pertaining to events that are not synchronized in time or do not occur in regular or predictable time intervals.

asynchronous bean

A Java object or an enterprise bean that a Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) application can run asynchronously.

asynchronous messaging

A method of communication between programs in which a program places a message on a message queue, then proceeds with its own processing without waiting for a reply to its message.

attribute

1. A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes the entity; for example, the telephone number of an employee is one of that employee's attributes.

2. A property, quality, or characteristic whose value contributes to the specification of an element or program function. For example, "cost" or "location" are attributes that can be assigned to a resource.

See also array attribute, simple attribute, single-cardinality attribute.

3. In markup languages such as SGML, XML, and HTML, a name-value pair within a tagged element that modifies features of the element.

attribute group

A set of attributes that can appear in a complex type.

attribute list

A linked list that contains extended information that is used to make authorization decisions. Attribute lists consist of a set of name = value pairs.

augment

To convert a profile to another kind of profile. For example, you can modify a server profile to become a bus profile.

authenticated user

A portal user who has logged in to the portal with a valid account (user ID and password). Authenticated users have access to all public places. See also anonymous user, registered user.

authentication

A security service that provides proof that a user of a computer system is genuinely who that person claims to be. Common mechanisms for implementing this service are passwords and digital signatures. Authentication is distinct from authorization; authentication is not concerned with granting or denying access to system resources.

authentication alias

An alias that authorizes access to resource adapters and data sources. An authentication alias contains authentication data, including a user ID and password.

authenticator key

A set of alphanumeric characters used for the authentication of a message sent via the SWIFT network.

authorisation

A document that authorizes one destination to send FIN messages to or receive FIN messages from another destination.

authorization

1. In computer security, the right granted to a user to communicate with or make use of a computer system.

2. The process of granting a user, system, or process either complete or restricted access to an object, resource, or function.

authorization policy

A policy whose policy target is a business service and whose contract contains one or more assertions that grant permission to run a channel action.

authorization table

A table that contains the role to user or group mapping information that identifies the permitted access of a client to a particular resource.

authorized program analysis report

A request for correction of a defect in a supported release of an IBM-supplied program.

autodiscovery

The discovery of service artifacts in a file system, external registry, or another source.

automatic application installation project

A monitored directory to which the addition of a fully composed EAR, WAR, EJB JAR, or stand-alone RAR file triggers automatic deployment and publication to a target server. Deletion of an EAR or Java EE module file from this directory triggers automatic uninstalling. See also monitored directory.

automatic restart management

The facilities that detect failures and manage server restarts.

automatic restart manager

A z/OS recovery function that can automatically restart batch jobs and started tasks after they or the system on which they are running end unexpectedly.

automatic transition

A transition that occurs on completion of the activity within the originating state.

autonomic manager

A set of software or hardware components, configured by policies, which manage the behavior of other software or hardware components as a human might manage them. An autonomic manager includes a control loop that consists of monitor, analyze, plan, and execute components. See also manageability interface.

autonomic request flow manager

An autonomic manager that controls request prioritization in the on-demand router.

availability

The time periods during which a resource is accessible. For example, a contractor might have an availability of 9 AM to 5 PM every weekday, and 9 AM to 3 PM on Saturdays.

Axis

An implementation of SOAP on which Java Web services can be implemented.

B

bank identifier code

A code used to uniquely identify a bank, logical terminal, or branch within a SWIFT network.

bar file

See broker archive file.

base configuration

The part of a storage management subsystem (SMS) configuration that contains general storage management attributes, such as the default management class, default unit, and default device geometry. It also identifies the systems, system groups, or both the systems and system groups that an SMS configuration manages.

basic analysis

A type of analysis that displays a report for the values of one or more business measures during a specific period of time.

basic authentication

An authentication method that uses a user name and a password.

basic type

A type whose values have no identity (that is, they are pure values). Basic types include Integer, Boolean, and Text.

bean

A definition or instance of a JavaBeans component. See also enterprise bean, JavaBeans.

bean class

In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a Java class that implements a javax.ejb.EntityBean class or javax.ejb.SessionBean class.

bean-managed messaging

A function of asynchronous messaging that gives an enterprise bean complete control over the messaging infrastructure.

bean-managed persistence

The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean. (Sun) See also container-managed persistence.

bean-managed transaction

The capability of the session bean, servlet, or application client component to manage its own transactions directly, instead of through a container.

Bean Scripting Framework

An architecture for incorporating scripting language functions to Java applications.

bend point

A point that is introduced in a connection between two message flow nodes at which the line that represents the connection changes direction. A bend point can be used to make node alignment and processing logic clearer and more effectively displayed.

bidi

See bidirectional.

bidirectional

Pertaining to scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew that generally run from right to left, except for numbers, which run from left to right.

binary format

Representation of a decimal value in which each field must be 2 or 4 bytes long. The sign (+ or -) is in the far left bit of the field, and the number value is in the remaining bits of the field. Positive numbers have a 0 in the sign bit and are in true form. Negative numbers have a 1 in the sign bit and are in twos complement form.

binary large object

A block of bytes of data (for example, the body of a message) that has no discernible meaning, but is treated as one solid entity that cannot be interpreted.

bind

To establish a connection between software components on a network using an agreed-to protocol. In Web services, the bind operation occurs when the service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction with the service at run time using the binding details in the service description to locate, contact, and invoke the service.

binding

1. A temporary association between a client and both an object and a server that exports an interface to the object. A binding is meaningful only to the program that sets it and is represented by a bound handle.

2. The process of attaching a collaboration object to a port, which is a variable that represents a business object.

See also business object, collaboration object, port.

BLOB domain

The message domain that includes all messages that have content that cannot be interpreted and subdivided into smaller sections of information. Messages in this domain are processed by the BLOB parser. See also IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

BLOB parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the BLOB domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output.

block decryption

Symmetric algorithms that decrypt a block of data at one time.

block encryption

Symmetric algorithms that encrypt a block of data at one time.

bookmark

A customizable, graphical link to databases, views, documents, Web pages, and newsgroups.

bootstrap

A small program that loads larger programs during system initialization.

bootstrap authorisation

An authorization that has been recorded but not yet processed by an relationship management application (RMA).

bootstrap member

An application server or cluster that is configured to accept application initialization requests into the service integration bus. The bootstrap member authenticates the request and directs the connection request to a bus member.

bootstrap period

The period during which relationship management (RM) data is recorded and converted into authorization records.

bootstrapping

The process by which an initial reference of the naming service is obtained. The bootstrap setting and the host name form the initial context for Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) references.

bootstrap process

A process for recording data when sending and receiving FIN messages and using this data to create authorization records. This helps SWIFTNet users to prepare for the time when the BK records used by FIN protocol versions 01 and 02 are replaced by the authorizations used by FIN protocol version 03.

bottleneck

A place in the system where contention for a resource is affecting performance.

bottom-up development

In Web services, the process of developing a service from an existing artifact such as a Java bean or enterprise bean rather than a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file. See also top-down development.

bottom-up mapping

In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which the schema is first imported from an existing database and then enterprise beans and mappings are generated.

branch

1. In the CVS team development environment, a separate line of development where changes can be isolated. When a programmer changes files on a branch, those changes do not appear on the main trunk or other branches.

2. In process modeling, a distinct path leading to or originating from an element in a process model.

breadcrumb trail

A navigation technique used in a user interface to give users a way to keep track of their location within the program or documents.

breakpoint

A marked point in a process or programmatic flow that causes that flow to pause when the point is reached, usually to allow debugging or monitoring.

bridge interface

A node and a server that run a core group bridge service.

broker

A set of execution processes that host one or more message flows. See also message flow.

broker archive

A file that is the unit of deployment to the broker that can contain any number of compiled message flow and message set files and a single deployment descriptor. A separate broker archive file is required for each configuration that is deployed.

broker archive file

The unit of deployment to the broker. It contains any number of compiled message flows (.cmf), message sets (.dictionary), and a single deployment descriptor. It can also contain any additional files that you might need, provided that the extension does not overlap the .cmf and .dictionary extensions.

broker domain

A collection of brokers that share a common configuration, together with the Configuration Manager that controls them.

broker schema

A symbol space that defines the scope of uniqueness of the names of resources defined within it. The resources are message flows, ESQL files, and mapping files.

brute force collision

A programming style that relies on computing power to try all the possibilities with a known hash until the solution is found.

bucket

One or more fields that accumulate the result of an operation.

build

To create or modify resources, usually based on the state of other resources. A Java builder converts Java source files into executable class files, for example, and a Web link builder updates links to files whose name or location has changed.

build definition file

An XML file that identifies components and characteristics for a customized installation package (CIP).

build path

The path that is used during compilation of Java source code, in order to find referenced classes that reside in other projects.

build plan

An XML file that defines the processing necessary to build generation outputs and that specifies the machine where processing takes place.

build time data

Objects that are not used by the translator, such as EDI standards, record oriented data document types, and maps.

built-in node

A message flow node that is supplied by the product. Some of the supplied nodes provide basic processing such as input and output.

bulk decryption

See block decryption.

bulk encryption

See block encryption.

bulk resource

A resource that is taken in quantity from a pool of generic resources. For example, a task might require 10 landscapers or 10 liters of water.

bundle

A set of tokens that are transferred between nodes in a simulation as a complete group.

bus

Interconnecting messaging engines that manage bus resources.

business activity monitoring

The collection and presentation of real-time information that describes a business process or a series of activities spanning multiple systems and applications.

business analyst

A specialist who analyzes business needs and problems, consults with users and stakeholders to identify opportunities for improving business return through information technology, and transforms requirements into a technical form.

business calendar

A calendar that is used to model noncontiguous time intervals (intervals that do not proceed in a sequential manner). For example, a business calendar that defines regular working hours might refer to the non-overtime regular working hours of Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

business component

A component that defines the structure, behavior, and information displayed by a particular subject, such as a product, contact, or account, in Siebel Business Applications.

business ecosystem

A business community supported by a foundation of interacting organizations and individuals. This community produces goods and services of value to customers, who are themselves members of the ecosystem. A business ecosystem contains business services networks, which contain business process, relevant to the transactions in that network.

business event

1. A significant occurrence in a business process, generally identified by a business analyst, that warrants monitoring over time to reveal a key performance indicator (KPI).

2. An event that occurs during a business process.

business graph

A wrapper that is added around a simple business object or a hierarchy of business objects to provide additional capabilities, such as carrying change summary and event summary information related to the business objects in the business graph. See also business object.

business group

A place to collect any elements to group together. Different business groups can be created for companies, processes, parts of processes, or any other grouping.

business integration system

An integration broker and a set of integration adapters that allow heterogeneous business applications to exchange data through the coordinated transfer of information in the form of business objects.

business item

A business document, work product, or commodity that is used in business operations. Examples of business items are a manufacturing order, mother board, power supply, and memory chip (in a PC assembly process), itinerary and customer information record (in a trip reservation process), and passenger (in a transportation process). See also business object.

business item instance

A particular occurrence or example of a business item. If there is a business item called Invoice, then an example of a business item instance would be "Invoice #1473.

business item template

A category used to model a group of business items that share common properties. After these properties are defined in the template, they are inherited by all business items using the template. For example, an organization may define a number of forms to be used in human resource processes, all of which have fields for date, employee number, HR form number, and HR administrator.

business logic

The codified procedures in a business software system that implements an organization's day-to-day operations (such as processing an order, payroll management, and so on). Business logic typically includes industry-standard procedures for business operations and customizations reflecting an organization's unique business policies. In the WebSphere business integration system, business logic can be represented (that is, codified) as a collaboration. See also collaboration.

business logic tier

The set of components that reside between the presentation and database tiers. This logic tier hosts the enterprise bean containers, which run the business logic.

business measure

A description of a performance management characteristic that you want to monitor. Business measures include aggregate and instance metrics and key performance indicators (KPI).

business method

A method of an enterprise bean that implements the business logic or rules of an application. (Sun)

business object

In a development or production environment, a set of XML schema attributes that represents a business entity (such as an invoice) and the definition of actions that can be performed on those attributes (such as the create and update operations). See also data object, binding, business item, Service Data Objects, business graph, private business object.

business object definition

The name, set of ordered attributes, properties, supported verbs, version number, and application-specific text that specify a type of business object. Components of the WebSphere business integration system use the business object definition to instantiate a business object, which they load with data before processing. See also metadata.

business object handler

A connector component that contains methods that interact with an application and that transforms request business objects into application operations.

business objective

A high-level business goal. Because business objectives are usually abstract, they are difficult to measure and are therefore translated into more measurable lower-level business goals.

business object map

An artifact that assigns values to the target business objects based on the values in the source business objects.

business object model

A model that defines the how a system organizes its processes when interacting with business objects. An example of a business object model is the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) component model.

business object property

An element of a business object attribute that defines one quality of the attribute. The set of properties provides information such as the attribute's name, type, maximum length, or default value, whether the attribute is required or whether it is a primary or foreign key. See also property.

business operations

The ways in which an organization operates, including its processes and organizational structure. For example, an organization might have a management structure and processes defined for everything from taking vacation days to submitting travel expenses.

business policy

A policy that is attached to an object in the ontology known as the business policy target. It optionally specifies a set of conditions that must be met for the business policy to apply. The policies declare a set of assertions that must be satisfied when the conditions are met.

business policy target

An object in the ontology suitable for attaching business policies.

business process

A defined set of business activities that represent the steps required to achieve a business objective. It includes the flow and use of information and resources.

business process container

A process engine that contains process modules.

Business Process Execution Language

An XML-based language for the formal specification of business processes and business interaction protocols. BPEL extends the Web Services interaction model and enables it to support business transactions.

business process management

The services and tools that support process management (for example, process analysis, definition, execution, monitoring and administration), including support for human and application-level interaction. BPM tools can eliminate manual processes and automate the routing of requests between departments and applications.

Business Process Modeling Notation

A standardized graphical notation for creating diagrams of business processes.

business protocol

A set of rules and instructions (protocol) used to format and transmit information across a computer network. Examples include RosettaNet, cXML, and EDI-X12.

business rule

A representation of how business policies or practices apply to a business activity.

business rule group

A set of scheduled business rules that are available as a service that can be invoked. The business rule group also provides the organizational structure for managing the set of business rules.

business service

An abstract representation of a business function, hiding the specifics of the function interfaces.

business service definition

A representation of the WSDL PortTypes in a business service. A business service definition describes a specific set of business service operations that are used to perform related business functionality.

business service object

A representation of an XML schema file (.xsd). There are inline XML schemas and schema types within WSDL files. A business service object is a collection of business service object definitions and business service object templates.

business service object definition

A representation of the WSDL ComplexType in an inline schema, or the XML schema type (SimpleType, ComplexType, Anonymous ComplexType, or Anonymous SimpleType) in an XML schema file. There are inline XML schemas and schema types within WSDL files. A business service object definition is similar to a business item and is used to define the business data that is required when a business service operation is invoked.

business service operation

A representation of the WSDL Operation in a business service definition. A business service operation describes a business function and includes the business service object definitions that are required when the operation is invoked. A business service operation also describes the business service object definitions that result from completing the business service operation. For example, a Product Search business service operation requires a Product name (a business service object definition) and returns a Product business service object definition. Business service operations can be added to process diagrams as non-editable services.

business services network

A collection of business processes, services, subscribers, and policies that enable, control, or consume a portfolio of business services. The business services network can span enterprise boundaries and geographies or be confined to a single physical network or entity.

business situation

A condition that might require business action. Examples of business situations are a declining sales volume or an unacceptable amount of time to respond to a customer.

business-to-business

Refers to Internet applications that exchange information or run transactions between businesses. See also business-to-consumer.

business-to-consumer

Refers to the subset of Internet applications that exchange information or run transactions between businesses and consumers. See also business-to-business.

business-to-employee

A business model that supports electronic communications between a business and its employees.

bus member

An application server or server cluster that hosts one or more messaging engines in a service integration bus.

bus topology

A physical arrangement of application servers, messaging engines and queue managers and the pattern of bus connections and links between them.

bytecode

Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the Java interpreter. (Sun)

C

C2A

cache instance resource

A location where any Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) application can store, distribute, and share data.

cache replication

The sharing of cache IDs, cache entries, and cache invalidations with other servers in the same replication domain.

callback function

callback handler

A mechanism that uses a Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) interface to pass a security token to the Web service security run time for propagation in the Web service security header.

callout

The action of bringing a computer program, a routine, or a subroutine into effect.

callout node

The connection point in a mediation request flow from which a service message is sent to a target. There must be one callout node for each target operation.

callout response node

The starting point for a mediation response flow. There must be one callout response node for each target.

call stack

A list of data elements that is constructed and maintained by the Java virtual machine (JVM) for a program to successfully call and return from a method.

call-triggered flow

A data flow triggered by a direct call that the collaboration receives through the Server Access Interface. An access client initiates a call-triggered flow.

candidate endpoint

A known service endpoint that implements an interface for a particular request. The set of candidates is then filtered by the dynamic assembler to select the best endpoint out of all the candidates.

capability

In Eclipse, a group of functions that can be hidden or revealed in order to simplify the user interface. Capabilities are enabled or disabled by changing preference settings.

capability list

A list of associated resources and their corresponding privileges per user.

card

WML document that provides user-interface and navigational settings to display content on mobile devices. See also deck.

cardinality

The number of elements in a set.

cascading style sheet

A file that defines a hierarchical set of style rules for controlling the rendering of HTML or XML files in browsers, viewers, or in print.

catalog

A container that, depending on the container type, holds processes, data, resources, organizations, or reports in the project tree.

category

1. An optional grouping of messages that are related in some way. For example, messages that relate to a particular application might be included in a single category.

See also message.

2. A container used in a structure diagram to group elements based on a shared attribute or quality.

CD table

CEI event

An event generated over the Common Event Infrastructure (CEI) and logged in a CEI data store.

cell

1. A group of managed processes that are federated to the same deployment manager and can include high-availability core groups.

2. One or more processes that each host runtime components. Each has one or more named core groups.

cell-scoped binding

A binding scope where the binding is not specific to, and not associated with any node or server. This type of name binding is created under the persistent root context of a cell.

centralized installation manager

A component that remotely installs and uninstalls product and maintenance packages in server environments.

certificate authority

A trusted third-party organization or company that issues the digital certificates. The certificate authority typically verifies the identity of the individuals who are granted the unique certificate. See also Secure Sockets Layer, Globus certificate service.

certificate revocation list

A list of certificates that have been revoked before their scheduled expiration date. Certificate revocation lists are maintained by the certificate authority and used, during a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) handshake to ensure that the certificates involved have not been revoked.

certificate set

A set of primary and secondary certificates that can be associated to a participant connection.

certificate signing request

An electronic message that an organization sends to a certificate authority (CA) in order to obtain a certificate. The request includes a public key and is signed with a private key; the CA returns the certificate after signing with its own private key. See also keystore.

chain

The name of a channel framework connection that contains an endpoint definition.

chameleon schema

A schema that inherits a target namespace from a schema that includes the chameleon schema.

change-data table

In SQL replication, a replication table on the Capture control server that contains changed data for a replication source table.

change management

The process of planning for and executing changes to configuration items in the information technology environment.

channel

1. An entry point to the Web services gateway that carries requests and responses between Web services and the gateway.

2. A mode by which a business service is consumed by a subscriber.

3. A communication path through a chain to an endpoint.

channel action

A business function that can be issued on a channel. Channel actions are role specific and an authorization policy makes it possible to control which role can perform which action in a channel.

channel framework

A common model for connection management, thread usage, channel management, and message access within an application server.

character conversion

The process of changing data from one character coding representation to another.

character encoding

The mapping from a character (a letter of the alphabet) to a numeric value in a character code set. For example, the ASCII character code set encodes the letter "A" as 65, while the EBCIDIC character set encodes this letter as 43. The character code set contains encodings for all characters in one or more language alphabets.

chart series

A selection of a category of data that will be represented by a chart in a report. A chart can have multiple chart series to represent multiple types of data.

cheat sheet

An interface that guides users through the wizards and steps required to perform a complex task, and that links to relevant sections of the online help.

check in

In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy files back into the repository after changing them.

check out

In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy the latest revision of a file from the repository so that it can be modified.

child business object

A business object that is contained or referenced by another business object. When the full child business object is part of its parent's hierarchy, the child is contained by the parent. See also array attribute, foreign key attribute, single-cardinality attribute.

child node

A node within the scope of another node.

CICS

An IBM licensed program that provides online transaction-processing services and management for business applications.

cipher

A cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt data that is unreadable until converted into plain data with a predefined key.

circular reference

A series of objects where the last object refers to the first object, which can cause the series of references to be unusable.

class

In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can be used to create objects with a common definition and common properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.

class file

A compiled Java source file.

class hierarchy

The relationships between classes that share a single inheritance.

classifier

A specialized attribute used for grouping and color-coding process elements.

class loader

Part of the Java virtual machine (JVM) that is responsible for finding and loading class files. A class loader affects the packaging of applications and the runtime behavior of packaged applications deployed on application servers.

class path

A list of directories and JAR files that contain resource files or Java classes that a program can load dynamically at run time.

cleanup period

The time period during which a database record that has reached its final state or condition is to remain in the database. After the cleanup period expires for such a record, database cleanup causes the record to be deleted from the database.

Click-to-Action

A method for implementing cooperative portlets, whereby users can click an icon on a source portlet to transfer data to one or more target portlets. See also cooperative portlets, wire.

client

A software program or computer that requests services from a server. See also server, host.

client application

An application, running on a workstation and linked to a client, that gives the application access to queuing services on a server.

client message

A message from a client application that is to be sent by means of a network to its destination, or a message that is routed to a client application to acknowledge the receipt of a client message by a network.

client proxy

An object on the client side of a network connection that provides a remote procedure call interface to a service on the server side.

client/server

Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data processing in which a program on one computer sends a request to a program on another computer and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a server. See also distributed application.

client type detection

A process in which a servlet determines the markup language type required by a client and calls the appropriate JavaServer Pages file.

Cloudscape

An embeddable, all Java, object-relational database management system (ORDBMS).

cluster

A group of application servers that collaborate for the purposes of workload balancing and failover.

COA report

coarse-grained

Pertaining to viewing a group of objects from an abstract or high level. See also fine-grained.

code assist

coded character set identifier

A 16-bit number that includes a specific set of encoding scheme identifiers, character set identifiers, code page identifiers, and other information that uniquely identifies the coded graphic-character representation.

code fragment

In Process Designer, the specification of an action through WebSphere business integration API methods or other Java code. A developer can add or customize default code fragments. Process Designer embeds each code fragment in the code it generates to produce a whole program. See also action, action node.

code list

A table, supplied by Data Interchange Services or defined by the user, that contains all acceptable values for a single data field.

coexistence

The ability of two or more entities to function in the same system or network.

collaboration

1. A WebSphere business integration system component that contains business logic describing a distributed business process. Collaborations are used to coordinate and extend the business processes of disparate enterprise software products and to facilitate meaningful data exchange between them. Collaborations use business objects to exchange and manipulate data.

See also business logic.

2. The ability to connect customers, employees, or business partners to the people and processes in a business or organization, in order to facilitate improved decision-making. Collaboration involves two or more individuals with complementary skills interacting together to resolve a business problem.

collaboration object

An object created from a collaboration template that is executable after it is configured and bound. Each collaboration object is configured for a specific business environment to integrate specific applications or software products. See also binding, collaboration template.

collaboration-object group

An executable set of collaboration objects bound together to represent a combined business process. See also event isolation.

collaboration property

A configuration option that, with the full set of such options, enables an administrator to customize the business processing behavior of a specific collaboration object. Collaboration properties are set in System Manager. See also property.

collaboration template

The logic and framework of a collaboration that provides the definition of its actions. A collaboration template consists of Java code, which Process Designer generates and the developer can customize. The template consists of scenarios, which specify sets of actions. A collaboration template is not executable; it is a Java class used to instantiate executable collaboration objects. See also action, collaboration object.

collaborative components

UI-neutral API methods and tag libraries that allow developers to add IBM Lotus collaborative functionality to their portlets.

collaborative filtering

Personalization technology that calculates the similarity between users based on the behaviors of a number of other people and uses that information to make recommendations for the current user.

collaborative portal

A highly personalized desktop-to-Web tool designed for specific audiences and communities of users that organizes information, applications, and services for effective community building at the corporate level and for personal use by individuals.

collaborative unit

The configuration of the part of a deployment environment that delivers required behavior to an application module. For example, a messaging collaborative unit includes the host of the messaging engine and deployment targets of the application module, and provides messaging support to the application module.

collection certificate store

A collection of intermediate certificates or certificate revocation lists (CRL) that are used by a certificate path to build up a certificate chain for validation.

collection page

A type of page in the administrative console that displays a collection list of administrative objects. From this type of page, you can typically select objects to act on or to display other pages for.

collective

A set of brokers that are fully interconnected and that form part of a multi-broker network for publish/subscribe applications.

comma delimited file

A file whose records contain fields that are separated by a comma.

command bean

A proxy that can invoke a single operation using an execute() method.

command line

The blank line on a display where commands, option numbers, or selections can be entered.

command-line interface

A type of computer interface in which the input command is a string of text characters.

commit

To apply all the changes made during the current unit of recovery (UR) or unit of work (UOW). After the operation is complete, a new UR or UOW can begin.

common area

In a Web page that is based on a page template, the fixed region of the page.

Common Base Event

A specification based on XML that defines a mechanism for managing events, such as logging, tracing, management, and business events, in business enterprise applications. See also situation.

Common Criteria

A framework for independent assessment, analysis, and testing of IT products to a set of security requirements.

Common Event Infrastructure

The implementation of a set of APIs and infrastructure for the creation, transmission, persistence, and distribution of business, system, and network Common Base Events. See also event emitter.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture

An architecture and a specification for distributed object-oriented computing that separates client and server programs with a formal interface definition. See also Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.

Common Secure Interoperability Version 2

An authentication protocol developed by the Object Management Group (OMG) that supports interoperability, authentication delegation and privileges.

community operator

The service provider who has a restricted set of typical day-to-day administrative responsibilities for the hub.

compensation

1. The means by which operations in a process that have successfully completed can be undone if an error occurs, to return the system to a consistent state.

2. The action that a collaboration takes during rollback of a transaction to undo a previously executed service call. Such an action semantically negates the action taken by a corresponding step in the service call, which has already been executed. For example, the compensation step for a Create action might involve deleting the object just created.

See also isolation checking, minimum transaction level, transactional collaboration.

compensation service

The operation that is performed to compensate for a successful operation when a process generates a fault (which is not handled within the process).

compilation unit

A portion of a computer program sufficiently complete to be compiled correctly.

compiled message flow

A message flow that has been compiled to prepare it for deployment to the broker. A cmf file is sent to the broker within a bar file.

compile time

The time period during which a computer program is being compiled into an executable program.

complete life-cycle server

A server that the user can create and manage within the administrative console.

complex element

A named structure that contains simple elements within the message. Complex elements can contain other complex elements, and can also contain groups. The content of a complex element is defined by a complex type. See also element, simple element.

complex type

A type that contains elements and can include attributes. See also simple type.

component

1. A reusable object or program that performs a specific function and works with other components and applications.

2. In Eclipse, one or more plug-ins that work together to deliver a discrete set of functions.

component directory

In z/OS, the root directory of the component's runtime environment.

component element

An entity in a component where a breakpoint can be set, such as an activity or Java snippet in a business process, or a mediation primitive or node in a mediation flow.

component instance

A running component that can be running in parallel with other instances of the same component.

component name

The external name of a component. Each component requires a name, which is used, for example, in the workbench and in commands.

component PDSE

In a z/OS environment, a PDSE that contains jobs to define resources to DB2, WebSphere MQ, and the WebSphere Message Broker started task. See also partitioned data set.

component test

An automated test of one or more components of an enterprise application, which may include Java classes, EJB beans, or Web services. See also abstract test, test pattern.

composer

In Java, a class used to map a single complex bean field to multiple database columns. Composition is needed for complex fields that are themselves objects with fields and behavior.

composite

A Service Component Architecture (SCA) element that contains components, services, references, and wires that connect them.

composite business policy

A runtime aggregation of business policies based on context, content and contract of a service request.

composite business service

A collection of business services that work together, along with a client's existing applications, to provide a specific business solution.

composite identity relationship

An identity relationship that relates two business objects through a composite key. The composite key consists of a unique key from a parent business object and a key, which is not unique, from a child business object.

composite service

In service-oriented architecture, a unit of work accomplished by an interaction between computing devices.

composite state

In a business state machine, an aggregate of one or more states that is used to decompose a complex state machine diagram into a simple hierarchy of state machines.

composition unit

A unit that represents a configured asset and enables the asset contents to interact with other assets in the application.

compound element

An item in the source or target document that contains child items, such as EDI Segments and EDI composite data elements, ROD records and ROD structures in record oriented data, and XML elements.

concept

A class of entities that are represented by general metadata definitions rather than physical document standards.

concrete portlet

A logical representation of a portlet object distinguished by a unique configuration parameter (PortletSettings).

concrete type

A type that can be instantiated and is derived from an abstract type.

concurrency control

The management of contention for data resources.

Concurrent Versions System

An open-source, network-transparent version control system.

condition

1. In a business state machine, an expression that guards the transition and only allows the transition to the next state when and if the incoming operation evaluates to 'True'. Otherwise, the current state is maintained.

2. A test of a situation or state that must be in place in order for a specific action to occur.

configuration

In a broker domain, the brokers, execution groups, deployed message sets, and deployed message flows, and the defined topics and access control lists.

configuration administration

The administration of the configuration object types (CTs), configuration objects (COs), and configuration object sets (COSs) that comprise the configuration data of organizational units (OUs). This is carried out after the product has been installed and customized.

configuration database

The Data Interchange Services client database that stores parameters necessary for running Data Interchange Services client, including database definitions, messages, queries, and preferences.

configuration entity

Entities used to model an organization and to specify how messages are processed. These entities include configuration object types (CTs), organizational units (OUs), configuration object sets (COSs), configuration objects (COs).

Configuration Manager

The component that provides an interface between the workbench and a set of runtime brokers. It provides brokers with their initial configuration, and updates them with any subsequent changes. It maintains the broker domain configuration.

Configuration Manager Proxy

An application programming interface that your applications can use to control broker domains through a remote interface to the Configuration Manager.

configuration object

An instance of a configuration object type (CT) that represents an object in an organizational unit (OU). Which attributes can be added to a CO is determined by the definition of the CT on which the CO is based.

configuration object set

A set of configuration objects, used to limit the scope of configuration data provided to message flows.

configuration object type

A description of the class of configuration objects, including the attributes that each member of this class can have.

configuration repository

A storage area of configuration data that is typically located in a subdirectory of the product installation root directory.

configured name binding

Persistent storage of an object in the name space that is created using either the administrative console or the wsadmin program.

confirm-on-arrival report

A WebSphere MQ report message type created when a message is placed on that queue. It is created by the queue manager that owns the destination queue.

confirm-on-delivery report

A WebSphere MQ report message type created when an application retrieves a message from the queue in a way that causes the message to be deleted from the queue. It is created by the queue manager.

conflict

A result that occurs when two simultaneous edit submissions are processed for the same object and where the intended outcome of the edit is unclear.

connection

A link between two process elements. Connections can be used to specify the chronological sequence of activities in a process.

connection factory

A set of configuration values that produces connections that enable a Java EE component to access a resource. Connection factories provide on-demand connections from an application to an enterprise information system (EIS) and allow an application server to enroll the EIS in a distributed transaction.

connection handle

A representation of a connection to a server resource.

connection pool

A group of host connections that are maintained in an initialized state, ready to be used without having to create and initialize them.

connection pooling

A technique used for establishing a pool of resource connections that applications can share on an application server.

connectivity

The capability of a system or device to be attached to other systems or devices without modification.

connector

1. In Java EE, a standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems (EISs). A connector consists of a resource adapter and application development tools (Sun).

See also container.

2. A servlet that provides a portlet access to external sources of content, for example, a news feed from a Web site of a local television station.

3. The component of an adapter that uses business objects to send information about an event to an integration broker (inbound) or receive information about a request from the integration broker (outbound). A connector consists of the Websphere Adapter Foundation Classes and the application-specific component of the connector.

connector agent

The subcomponent of a connector that interacts with a defined interface of an application or URL.

connector configuration property

A configuration setting used by the connector. Connectors use standard and connector-specific configuration properties, which can be set using System Manager. After the values are set, they are saved in the repository. See also connector-specific configuration property, standard connector configuration properties.

connector controller

The subcomponent of a connector that interacts with collaborations. A connector controller runs within InterChange Server and initiates mapping between application-specific and generic business objects, and manages collaboration subscriptions to business object definitions.

connector development kit

C++ class libraries used when developing a C++ connector. These libraries contain predefined classes that are used to derive connector classes and libraries. Also, they provide methods for implementing services such as tracing and logging.

connector packet

The set of data that is passed between the event processing server (runtime server) and external systems using the technology connectors. See also event packet, action packet.

connector-specific configuration property

A configuration setting whose value determine how the connector interacts with the application and processes business objects. These properties are specific to each connector. See also connector configuration property, standard connector configuration properties.

consistent-change-data table

In SQL replication, a type of replication target table that is used for storing history, auditing data, or staging data. A CCD table can also be a replication source.

constraint

A rule that limits the values that can be inserted, deleted, or updated in a table. See also primary key, foreign key.

container

An entity that provides life-cycle management, security, deployment, and runtime services to components. (Sun) See also resource adapter, connector.

container-managed persistence

The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean's container. (Sun) See also bean-managed persistence.

container-managed transaction

A transaction whose boundaries are defined by an EJB container. An entity bean must use container-managed transactions. (Sun)

container transaction

containment hierarchy

A namespace hierarchy consisting of model elements, and the containment relationships that exist between them. A containment hierarchy forms an acyclic graph.

containment relationship

A relationship between two objects where one object is contained within the other. The destination is nested within the source.

content

The data semantics of a message that is received by the dynamic assembler.

content area

In a Web page that is based on a page template, the editable region of the page.

content assist

A feature of some source editors that prompts the user with a list of valid alternatives for completing the current line of code or input field.

content-based filter

In publish/subscribe, an expression that is included as part of a subscription to determine whether a publication message is received based on its content. The expression can include wildcards.

content based routing

An optional feature of the caching proxy that provides intelligent routing to back-end application servers. This routing is based on HTTP session affinity and a weighted round-robin algorithm.

contention

A situation in which a transaction attempts to lock a row or table that is already locked.

content management

Software designed to help businesses manage and distribute content from diverse sources.

content model

The representation of any data that may be contained inside an XML element. There are four kinds of content models: element content, mixed content, EMPTY content and ANY content.

content partner

content provider

A source for content that can be incorporated into a portal page as a portlet.

content spot

A class file that is added to a JSP file to designate display of personalized data or content. Each content spot has a name and will accept a specific type of data from a rule.

context

An object created for a service request in the business service model. The object contains one or more of the following details of information captured from the metadata: a business process, organization, role, channel, and domain specific information. See also context propagation.

context parameter

A definition of the server view of the Web application within which the servlet is running and supports servlet access to available resources.

context propagation

In a multiple service transaction, the information about the details of a service request that passes from one invocation to another via the message header. See also context.

context root

The Web application root, which is the top-level directory of an application when it is deployed to a Web server.

contract

The set of business policy assertions that have to be met by service provider at run time based on the context and content.

control

See widget.

control analysis

A type of analysis that displays variations in values of the business measures over a specific period of time. This type of analysis reduces data variation, and is often used for quality control. Allowable variation is three times the standard deviation of the data.

control flow

The sequence that dictates the order in which steps of a business process are executed. The sequence can include branching based on decisions, iterating over a set of steps until a certain condition is reached, and so on. In a collaboration, control flow refers to the path that a scenario takes, which depends on the order of action nodes in an activity diagram. When an action node has multiple transition links, the path reflects the state of those links. This path is illustrated in a top-to-bottom direction. See also transition link.

controller

A component or a set of virtual storage processes that schedules or manages shared resources.

control link

An object in a process that links nodes and determines the order in which they run.

control number

A number that is used to identify an interchange, group, or EDI document.

control region adjunct

A servant that interfaces with service integration busses to provide messaging services.

control string

One of several compiled objects, which consist primarily of map control strings and document definition control strings.

control structure

The beginning and ending segments (header and trailer) of EDI-enveloped documents.

conversational processing

An optional IMS facility with which an application program can accumulate information acquired through multiple interchanges with a terminal, even if the program stops between interchanges. See also IMS conversation.

converter

In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a class that translates a database representation to an object type and back.

cooperative portlets

Two or more portlets on the same Web page that interact by sharing information. See also Click-to-Action, wire.

Coordinated Universal Time

The international standard of time that is kept by atomic clocks around the world.

copy helper

An access bean that contains a local copy of attributes from a remote entity bean. Unlike bean wrappers, copy helpers are optimized for use with a single instance of an entity bean.

core group

A group of processes that is directly accessible to each other and is connected using a local area network (LAN).

core group access point

A definition of a set of servers that provides access to the core group.

core group bridge

The means by which core groups communicate.

core group member

A server included in the cluster of a core group.

correlation

1. A record used with business processes and state machines to allow two partners to initialize a transaction, temporarily suspend an activity, and then recognize each other again when that activity resumes.

2. A mechanism that bridges a point in a process flow between two or more process instances.

3. The relationship, captured in a correlation expression, that describes how an incoming event is matched with one or more monitoring context instances to which it will be delivered.

correlation property

Data in an event that the runtime server uses to determine which instance of a task, process, or business state machine should receive the input at run time.

correspondent

An institution to which your institution sends and from which it receives messages.

cost

A number that is used as a weighting mechanism to differentiate one resource from another where a smaller value is always preferred.

counter

A specialized metric used to keep track of the number of occurrences of a specific situation or event. For example, you can use a counter to track the number of times that a task is started within a process, where that task is contained in a loop.

coupling

The dependency that components have on one another.

create method

In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to create an enterprise bean. (Sun)

credential

In the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) framework, a subject class that owns security-related attributes. These attributes can contain information used to authenticate the subject to new services.

critical path

The processing path that takes the longest time to complete of all parallel paths in a process instance, where each path considered begins at a start node or an input to the process and ends at a terminate node.

cross-cell communication

The process of information sharing and request routing between cells.

cross-cutting concern

A software concern (synchronization, logging, memory allocation, and so forth) that is external and orthogonal to the problem that a software component is designed to address.

cryptographic token

A logical view of a hardware device that performs cryptographic functions and stores cryptographic keys, certificates, and user data.

cube

A multidimensional representation of data needed for online analytical processing and multidimensional reporting.

current customization definition

A customization definition that describes an instance for which the corresponding resources have already been deployed and are running.

custom action

1. In JSP programming, an action described in a portable manner by a tag library descriptor and a collection of Java classes and imported into a JSP page by a taglib directive. (Sun)

2. A Java or non-Java process definition that you can define as a part of a health policy action plan.

Custom-built Product Delivery Option

A software delivery package consisting of uninstalled products and unintegrated service. Installation requires the use of SMP/E. CBPDO is one of the two entitled methods for installing z/OS; the other method is ServerPac.

custom finder

customization definition document

An XML document that describes the layout of an instance (that is, its organizational units (OUs) and servers, and which service bundles are assigned to each server-OU combination). The Customization Definition Program (CDP) uses a CDD to determine which deployment data to produce for an instance.

Customization Definition Program

A program used to generate deployment data based on information contained in a customization definition document (CDD). It also generates reports that describe the resulting instance.

customization definition report

A report that describes the servers, organizational units (OUs), and services of an instance, and how they are distributed within the instance.

customization time data

customized installation package

A customized installation image that can include one or more maintenance packages, a configuration archive file from a stand-alone server profile, one or more enterprise archive files, scripts, and other files that help customize the resulting installation.

customizer

A Java class (implementing the java.beans.Customizer interface) that is associated with a bean to provide a richer user interface for that bean's properties.

custom profile

A profile that describes an empty node, which becomes operational, as a managed node, when federated into a network deployment cell.

custom relationship

An association between two or more data entities as provided by the user.

custom screen record

A run-time view of the screen that allows access to available screen fields.

custom service

A configurable service that defines a hook that runs when the server starts and shuts down when the server stops.

custom tag

An extension to the JavaServer Pages (JSP) language that performs a specialized task. Custom tags are usually distributed in the form of a tag library, which also contains the Java classes that implement the tags.

custom user registry

A customer-implemented user registry that implements the UserRegistry Java interface. This registry type can support virtually any kind of accounts repository from a relational database and can provide flexibility in adapting product security to various environments.

Custom Wire Format

The physical representation of a message in the MRM domain that is composed of a number of fixed format data structures or elements, which are not separated by delimiter characters.

CVS file

A text file containing comma separated values, that is, tabular values delimited by commas.

cycle time

The time required for a process instance in a process simulation run to finish processing its inputs. Cycle time includes idle time when an activity in the process is waiting for a resource to become available.

D

DAD script

A file that is used by the DB2 XML Extender, either to compose XML documents from existing DB2 data or to decompose XML documents into DB2 data.

DADX group

A folder that contains database connection (JDBC and JNDI) and other information that is shared between DADX files within the group.

DADX runtime environment

The DADX runtime environment provides information to the DADX Web service, including the HTTP GET and POST bindings, the test page, WSDL generation, and the translation of DTD data into XML schema data.

daemon

A program that runs unattended to perform continuous or periodic functions, such as network control.

dashboard

A Web page that can contain one or more viewers that graphically represent business data.

data access bean

A class library that provides a rich set of features and functions, while hiding the complexity associated with accessing relational databases.

database cleanup

The act of deleting from a database those records for which the cleanup period has expired.

database definition

A Data Interchange Services definition that contains information used by Data Interchange Services Client to connect to a database.

Database Instance Manager

On Windows, a network server that supports the creation, maintenance, and deletion of databases used by brokers in all installations on a single computer. Database support is limited to Derby and DB2. The Database Instance Manager is associated with a Windows service.

database management system

database manager

A program that manages data by providing centralized control, data independence, and complex physical structures for efficient access, integrity, recovery, concurrency control, privacy, and security.

database request module

A data set member that is created by the DB2 for z/OS precompiler and that contains information about SQL statements. DBRMs are used in the bind process.

database response file

A text file that specifies parameters for configuring the database.

data binding

A component that converts protocol-specific local data to and from a business object.

data catalog

A collection of models representing objects, such as business items and notifications, to be used as inputs and outputs in process modeling.

data class

An access bean that provides data storage and access methods for caching enterprise bean properties. Unlike copy helpers, data class access beans work with enterprise beans that have local client views as well as remote client views.

data definition

A data object that defines a database or table.

Data Definition Language

A language for describing data and its relationships in a database.

data dictionary

A grouping of logically related components of a particular syntax type, such as ROD dictionaries, EDI dictionaries, and XML dictionaries.

data element delimiter

A character, such as an asterisk (*), that follows the EDI segment identifier and separates each EDI data element in an EDI segment. See also segment ID separator.

data element separation

A delimiter sequence that defines how a TDS message is to be parsed. The following separation types are supported: data pattern separation, delimited separation, fixed length separation, and tagged separation.

Data Encryption Standard

A cryptographic algorithm designed to encrypt and decrypt data using a private key.

Data Exchange SPI architecture

The interface that resource adapters and runtime components use to exchange business object data. The Data Exchange SPI architecture, which is based on the concept of cursors and accessors, abstracts the data type so that an adapter can be written only once and then work on runtime environments that support different data types, such as data objects and JavaBeans.

DataFlowEngine

datagram

A form of asynchronous messaging in which an application sends a message, but does not require a response. See also request/reply, datagram.

data graph

A set of Service Data Objects (SDO) interconnected with relationships.

data handler

A Java class or library of classes that a process uses to transform data into and from specific formats. In the WebSphere business integration environment, data handlers transform text data of specified formats into business objects, and transform business objects into text data of specified formats.

Data Interchange Services client

The Data Interchange Services tool used to document metadata and map documents to one another.

Data Interchange Services database

The database that contains all Data Interchange Services objects.

Data Interchange Services translator

The Data Interchange Services component responsible for transforming a document from one format to another.

data model

A model defining the structure of business artifacts that are operated upon by business operations.

data object

Any object (such as tables, views, indexes, functions, triggers, and packages) that can be created or manipulated using SQL statements. See also business object.

DataObject domain

The message domain that includes all messages that are exchanged between the broker and enterprise information system applications such as SAP, PeopleSoft, and Siebel. Messages in this domain are processed by the DataObject parser. Create a message model for messages to process in this domain. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

data object filter

A control that allows the exclusion of data objects (such as tables and schemas) from the tree view of the database.

DataObject parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the DataObject domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the business object on input, or the business object from the tree on output.

data source

1. In JDBC, an interface that provides a logical representation of a pool of connections to a physical data source. Data source objects provide application portability by making it unnecessary to supply information specific to a particular database driver.

2. The means by which an application accesses data from a database.

3. A repository of data (for example, a DB2 database) to which the runtime server can connect and retrieve data in order to enhance the event being processed.

data store

A place (such as a database system, file, or directory) where data is stored.

data store profile

An object that defines properties used by the default data store plug-in, which is used to persistently store events received by the event server.

Data Transformation Framework

An infrastructure that includes data bindings and function selectors, which enables an adapter to convert native data formats to business objects and to convert business objects back to native data formats, such as XML.

data transformation map

A set of mapping instructions that describes how to translate data from a source document into a target document. Both the source and target documents can be one of several supported document types. A data transformation map is one of three supported map types.

Data Universal Numbering System

A system in which internationally recognized nine-digit numbers are assigned and maintained by Dun & Bradstreet to uniquely identify worldwide businesses.

DB2

A family of IBM licensed programs for relational database management.

DB2 XML Extender

A program that is used to store and manage XML documents in DB2 tables. Well-formed and validated XML documents can be generated from existing relational data, stored as column data, and the content of XML elements and attributes can be stored in DB2 tables.

dead-letter queue

A queue to which a queue manager or application sends messages that cannot be delivered to their correct destination.

deadlock

1. A condition under which a transaction cannot proceed because it is dependent on exclusive resources that are locked by another transaction, which in turn is dependent on exclusive resources in use by the original transaction.

2. A condition in which two independent threads of control are blocked, each waiting for the other to take some action. Deadlock often arises from adding synchronization mechanisms to avoid race conditions.

debug engine

The server component of the debugger, whose client/server design enables both local and remote debugging. The debug engine runs on the same system as the program being debugged.

debugger

A tool used to detect and trace errors in computer programs.

debugging session

The debugging activities that occur between the time that a developer starts a debugger and the time that the developer exits from it.

decimal notation

In an EDI Standard, the character that represents a decimal point.

decision

A process element that routes an input to one of several alternative outgoing paths, depending on its condition. A decision is like a question that determines the exact set of activities during the execution of a process. Questions might include: What type of order? Or How will the order be shipped?

decision table

A form of business rule that captures multi-conditional decision-making business logic in a table where the rows and columns intersect to determine the appropriate action. Unlike a rule set, a decision table uses more than one condition to determine the action. See also rule set.

deck

An XML document that contains a collection of WML cards. See also card.

declaration

In Java programming, a statement that establishes an identifier and associates attributes with it, without necessarily reserving its storage or providing the implementation. (Sun)

declarative security

The security configuration of an application during assembly stage that is defined in the deployment descriptors and enforced by the security run time.

decoration

In graphical user interfaces (GUIs), a glyph that annotates a resource with status information, for example to indicate that a file has changed since it was last saved or checked out of a repository.

de-envelope

To extract a document from an EDI envelope.

default portal page

The page that displays to a user at initial portal deployment and before the user completes enrollment. Sometimes used as a synonym for home page.

default public place

A place whose membership automatically includes all portal users and which appears in the Places selector for every user. A user is always a member of this place.

deferred flow

A flow whose recovery was deferred

definition file

Defines the content that is displayed within the navigation and workarea frames.

delegation

The process of propagating a security identity from a caller to a called object. According to the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) specification, a servlet and an enterprise bean can propagate either the client identity when invoking enterprise beans, or can use another specified identity as indicated in the corresponding deployment descriptor.

delimited text

A simple file format that consists of text separated into meaningful chunks by specific characters. The chunks of text are usually individual fields. The specific character is called a delimiter, and can be any character that is not found in the text. Comma and tab are common delimiters. If the delimiter is used as a character in the text, it must be enclosed by a pair of text qualifiers, usually double quotation marks.

delimiter

A character, such as comma or tab, used to group or separate units of text by marking the boundary between them.

delta business object

A business object used in an update operation. Such a business object contains only key values and the values to be changed. See also after-image.

delta deployment

Deployment of only that data that is required to transform a current runtime environment into a target runtime environment. See also full deployment.

demilitarized zone

A configuration including multiple firewalls to add layers of protection between a corporate intranet and a public network, like the Internet.

denial-of-service attack

In computer security, an assault on a network that brings down one or more hosts on a network such that the host is unable to perform its functions properly. Network service is interrupted for some period.

dependency

A requirement that one managed resource has on another managed resource in order to operate correctly.

dependency relationship

In UML modeling, a relationship in which changes to one model element (the supplier) impact another model element (the client).

deploy

1. To place files or install software into an operational environment. In Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE), this involves creating a deployment descriptor suitable to the type of application that is being deployed.

2. To transfer assets from a local development environment into an operational, or runtime, environment.

deployment

In WebSphere InterChange Server, the process of taking generated components and making them available for use. This process includes the user choosing the components to deploy, repos copy or System Manager taking the user's choices and sending the data to the server, the server taking the data and the instructions and integrating them into the system.

deployment code

Additional code that enables bean implementation code written by an application developer to work in a particular EJB runtime environment. Deployment code can be generated by tools that the application server vendor supplies.

deployment data

The resource files, generated during customization, that are used to create the resources for an instance.

deployment data set

A data set containing the resource files generated during customization.

deployment descriptor

An XML file that describes how to deploy a module or application by specifying configuration and container options. For example, an EJB deployment descriptor passes information to an EJB container about how to manage and control an enterprise bean.

deployment directory

1. The directory where the published server configuration and Web application are located on the machine where the application server is installed.

2. The directory containing the subdirectories and resource files created during customization.

deployment environment

A collection of configured clusters, servers, and middleware that collaborate to provide an environment to host software modules. For example, a deployment environment might include a host for message destinations, a processor or sorter of business events, and administrative programs.

deployment instruction

A set of instructions that describe how to execute the resource files, and deploy, on the runtime systems, the resources required by the instance.

deployment manager

A server that manages operations for a logical group or cell of other servers.

deployment phase

A phase that includes a combination of creating the hosting environment for your applications and the deployment of those applications. This includes resolving the application’s resource dependencies, operational conditions, capacity requirements, and integrity and access constraints.

deployment topology

The configuration of servers and clusters in a deployment environment and the physical and logical relationships among them.

deployment vehicle

A job or other executable file that is used to deploy resources. Each vehicle corresponds to a particular resource file.

deprecated

Pertaining to an entity, such as a programming element or feature, that is supported but no longer recommended and that might become obsolete.

Derby

The database based on the Apache Derby open source project from Apache Software Foundation. Derby database support is embedded in the broker component on Windows only.

derivation

In object-oriented programming, the refinement or extension of one class from another.

deserialization

A method for converting a serialized variable into object data. See also serializer.

destination

An exit point that is used to deliver documents to a back-end system or a trading partner.

destination list

developer

A person who creates or modifies components of the WebSphere business integration system, such as connectors, collaborations, business objects, and maps. The developer typically uses IBM-provided templates or existing components as the basis for developing new ones.

device input format

The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes the format of the data that is entered on the device and presented to MFS.

device output format

The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes the format of the output data that is presented to the device.

dialog

The recorded interaction between a user and the 3270 application that the user accesses. Users can record a dialog using the Record Dialog function in the 3270 terminal service recorder. A recorded dialog includes the keystrokes, inputs and outputs that move the user from one screen to another in the 3270 application.

dialog editor

A 3270 terminal service development tool that enables a developer to modify the dialog that was recorded with the 3270 terminal service recorder.

dialog file

The result of recording a dialog from the 3270 terminal service recorder. The dialog file is saved to a WSDL file in the workbench.

dictionary

A grouping of logically related components of a particular syntax type, such as ROD dictionaries, EDI dictionaries, and XML dictionaries.

digest code

A number that is the result of a message digest function or a secure hash algorithm distilling a document.

digital certificate

An electronic document used to identify an individual, a system, a server, a company, or some other entity, and to associate a public key with the entity. A digital certificate is issued by a certification authority and is digitally signed by that authority.

digital signature

Information that is encrypted with a private key and is appended to a message or object to assure the recipient of the authenticity and integrity of the message or object. The digital signature proves that the message or object was signed by the entity that owns, or has access to, the private key or shared-secret symmetric key.

digital signature algorithm

A security protocol that uses a pair of keys (one public and one private) and a one-way encryption algorithm to provide a robust way of authenticating users and systems. If a public key can successfully decrypt a digital signature, a user can be sure that the signature was encrypted using the private key.

dimension

A data category that is used to organize and select monitoring context instances for reporting and analysis. Examples of dimensions are time, accounts, products, and markets.

dimensional model

The part of the monitor model that defines the cubes and cube content that are used for storing, retrieving, and analyzing the data that is gathered over time.

dimension level

An element or subelement of a dimension that is arranged hierarchically. For example, the time dimension can have years, months, and days as its levels.

directive

A first-failure data capture (FFDC) construct that provides information and suggested actions to assist a diagnostic module in customizing the logged data.

discover

In UDDI, to browse the business registry to locate existing Web services for integration.

discovered server

A server that runs the middleware agent and is found outside of the administrative environment but has a server representation automatically created within the administrative environment. The representation that is created is an assisted life-cycle server.

distinguished encoding rules

The Basic Encoding Rules that are designed to ensure a unique encoding of each ASN.1 value, defined in the X.500 Directory Standards (CCITT X.509).

distinguished name

1. The name that uniquely identifies an entry in a directory. A distinguished name is made up of attribute:value pairs, separated by commas.

2. A set of name-value pairs (such as CN=person's name and C=country or region) that uniquely identifies an entity in a digital certificate.

distributed application

An application made up of distinct components that are located on different computer systems, connected by a network. See also client/server.

distribution list

A list of queues to which a message can be put with a single statement.

document

A business document, such as a purchase order or invoice, that can be represented in any supported format. For example, an XML purchase order and an EDI purchase order are both documents, but each uses a different format.

document access definition

An XML document format used by DB2 XML Extender to define the mapping between XML and relational data.

document access definition extension

An XML document format that specifies how to create a Web service using a set of operations that are defined by DAD documents and SQL statements.

document definition

A description of a document layout that is used to identify the format of a document. Examples include record oriented data document definitions, EDI document definitions, XML schema document definitions, and XML DTD document definitions.

document flow definition

A collection of information specified for each type of document that tells the hub how to process that particular type of document. Each document to be exchanged between the internal partner and a participant must have a document flow definition.

document ID

A unique identifier for a document.

Document Object Model

A system in which a structured document, for example an XML file, is viewed as a tree of objects that can be programmatically accessed and updated. See also Simple API for XML.

document type definition

The rules that specify the structure for a particular class of SGML or XML documents. The DTD defines the structure with elements, attributes, and notations, and it establishes constraints for how each element, attribute, and notation can be used within the particular class of documents.

domain

An object, icon, or container that contains other objects representing the resources of a domain. The domain object can be used to manage those resources.

domain naming service

The distributed database system that maps domain names to IP addresses.

DOM element

One member of a tree of elements that is created when an XML file is parsed with a DOM parser. DOM elements make it easy to quickly identify all elements in the source XML file.

do-while loop

A loop that repeats the same sequence of activities as long as some condition is satisfied. Unlike a while loop, a do-while loop tests its condition at the end of the loop. This means that its sequence of activities always runs at least once.

downstream

Pertaining to the direction of the flow, which is from the first node in the process (upstream) toward the last node in the process (downstream).

drop-down

Pertaining to a list or menu that opens when clicked and stays open until the user selects a menu or list item or clicks elsewhere in the user interface.

DTD document definition

A description or layout of an XML document based on an XML DTD.

dual authorization

A setting requiring that an action carried out by one person be confirmed by a second person. This prevents a single person from being able to carry out actions requiring a high level of security, for example the distribution of funds or the granting of access rights. See also single authorization.

durable subscription

A Java Message Service (JMS) subscription that persists and stores subscribed messages even when the client is not connected.

dynaform

An instance of a DynaActionForm class or subclass that stores HTML form data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked.

dynamic analysis

The process of extracting targeted types of information based on the results of process simulations. This differs from static analysis, which extracts information from model elements in their static form.

dynamic assembly

A process that selects specific endpoints to meet the conditions of a service request at run time.

dynamic cache

A consolidation of several caching activities, including servlets, Web services, and WebSphere commands into one service where these activities share configuration parameters and work together to improve performance.

dynamic cluster

A server cluster that uses weights to balance the workloads of its cluster members dynamically, based on performance information collected from cluster members.

dynamic cluster isolation

The ability to specify whether the dynamic cluster runs on the same nodes as other instances of dynamic clusters, or if the dynamic cluster is the only dynamic cluster that runs on a single node.

dynamic link library

A file containing executable code and data bound to a program at load time or run time, rather than during linking. The code and data in a DLL can be shared by several applications simultaneously.

dynamic operations

Operations that monitor the server environment and make recommendations that are based on the observed data.

dynamic policy

A template of permissions for a particular type of resource.

dynamic property

A property that can be overridden at run time by inserting information into the service message object (SMO).

dynamic reloading

The ability to change an existing component without restarting the server for the changes to become effective. See also hot deployment.

dynamic routing

The automatic routing of a service request, a message, or an event that is based on conditions at the time of the routing.

dynamic Web content

Programming elements such as JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, and scripts that require client or server-side processing for accurate run time rendering in a Web browser.

dynamic Web project

A project that contains resources for a Web application with dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files. The structure of a dynamic Web project reflects the Java EE standard for Web content, classes, class paths, the deployment descriptor, and so on.

dynamic workload manager

A feature of the on demand router that routes workload based on a weight system, which establishes a prioritized routing system. The dynamic workload manager dynamically modifies the weights to stay current with the business goals.

E

EAR file

e-business

The transaction of business over an electronic medium such as the Internet.

Eclipse

An open-source initiative that provides ISVs and other tool developers with a standard platform for developing plug-compatible application development tools.

Edge Side Include

A technology supporting cacheable and noncacheable Web page components that can be gathered and assembled at the edge of a network.

EDI administrator

The person responsible for setting up and maintaining Data Interchange Services.

EDI composite data element

A group of related EDI Data Elements, such as the elements that make up a name and address. Maintained as EDI data elements in Data Interchange Services.

EDI data element

A single item of data in an EDI document, such as a purchase order number, that corresponds to a ROD field in a ROD document definition. An EDI data element is equivalent to a simple element. It is also used to maintain EDI composite data elements.

EDI document definition

A description or layout of an EDI document, which comprises loops, EDI segments, EDI data elements, and EDI composite data elements. It is equivalent to the layout of an EDI transaction or an EDI message.

EDI envelope

The EDI segments and EDI data elements that make up the headers and trailers that enclose EDI transaction sets, functional groups, and interchanges.

EDI loop

A group of consecutive EDI segments that repeat together in an EDI document definition. There is no object type in Data Interchange Services that defines an EDI loop on its own. EDI loops are logically defined within an EDI document definition.

EDI message

In UN/EDIFACT EDI Standards, a group of logically related data that makes up an electronic business document, such as an invoice. It is equivalent to an EDI transaction. Called an EDI document definition in Data Interchange Services.

EDI message set

A group of logically related data that make up an electronic business document, such as an invoice or a purchase order. A single EDI document. The layout of an EDI transaction is described by an EDI document definition in Data Interchange Services.

EDI segment

A group of related EDI data elements. An EDI segment is a single line in an EDI document definition, beginning with a segment identifier and ending with a segment terminator delimiter. The EDI data elements in the EDI segment are separated by data element delimiters.

EDI standard

The industry-supplied, national or international formats to which information is converted, allowing different computer systems and applications to exchange information.

edition

A successive deployment generation of a particular set of versioned artifacts.

editor area

In Eclipse and Eclipse-based products, the area in the workbench window where files are opened for editing.

EDI transaction

In X12 EDI Standards, a group of logically related data that makes up an electronic business document, such as an invoice. It is equivalent to an EDI message. The layout of an EDI transaction is described by an EDI Document Definition in Data Interchange Services.

EDI transaction set

A group of logically related data that make up an electronic business document, such as an invoice or a purchase order. A single EDI document.

EJB container

A container that implements the EJB component contract of the Java EE architecture. This contract specifies a runtime environment for enterprise beans that includes security, concurrency, life cycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services. (Sun) See also EJB server.

EJB context

In enterprise beans, an object that allows an enterprise bean to invoke services provided by the container and to obtain information about the caller of a client-invoked method. (Sun)

EJB factory

An access bean that simplifies the creating or finding of an enterprise bean instance.

EJB home object

In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an object that provides the life cycle operations (create, remove, find) for an enterprise bean. (Sun)

EJB inheritance

A form of inheritance in which an enterprise bean inherits properties, methods, and method-level control descriptor attributes from another enterprise bean that resides in the same group.

EJB JAR file

A Java archive that contains an EJB module. (Sun)

EJB module

A software unit that consists of one or more enterprise beans and an EJB deployment descriptor. (Sun)

EJB object

In enterprise beans, an object whose class implements the enterprise bean remote interface (Sun).

EJB project

A project that contains the resources needed for EJB applications, including enterprise beans; home, local, and remote interfaces; JSP files; servlets; and deployment descriptors.

EJB query

In EJB query language, a string that contains an optional SELECT clause specifying the EJB objects to return, a FROM clause that names the bean collections, an optional WHERE clause that contains search predicates over the collections, an optional ORDER BY clause that specifies the ordering of the result collection, and input parameters that correspond to the arguments of the finder method.

EJB reference

A logical name used by an application to locate the home interface of an enterprise bean in the target operational environment.

EJB server

Software that provides services to an EJB container. An EJB server may host one or more EJB containers. (Sun) See also EJB container.

electronic data interchange

The exchange of structured electronic data between computer systems according to predefined message standards.

element

1. In markup languages, a basic unit consisting of a start tag, end tag, associated attributes and their values, and any text that is contained between the two.

2. A named piece of information, or a field, within a message, that has a business meaning agreed by the applications that create and process the message.

See also complex element, simple element.

3. A component of a document, such as an EDI, XML, or ROD record. An element can be a simple element or a compound element.

4. In Java development tools, a generic term that can refer to packages, classes, types, interfaces, methods, or fields.

element separator

emitter factory

A type of factory that handles the details of event transmission such as the event server location, the filter settings, or the underlying transmission mechanism.

empty activity

An activity with no defined implementation that can be used as a place holder in the design stage.

emulator

A facility of the integration test client that enables the emulation of components and references during module testing. Emulators are either manual or programmatic. See also manual emulator, programmatic emulator.

endian

An attribute of data that describes whether it is stored in computer memory or transmitted with the most significant byte first or last.

end node

A visual marker within a process that identifies where a particular flow ends. Other concurrent flows within the same process will still continue executing.

endpoint

1. The system that is the origin or destination of a session.

2. A JCA application or other client consumer of an event from the enterprise information system.

endpoint listener

The point or address at which incoming messages for a Web service are received by a service integration bus.

end-to-end privacy

The process of securing data from a source adapter process, through the WebSphere InterChange Server, to the destination adapter process, ensuring authentication, integrity, and privacy.

enrollment

1. The process of entering and saving user or user group information in a portal.

2. An entitlement for an organization to subscribe to a business service.

enterprise application

enterprise application project

A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a deployment descriptor and IBM extension document as well as files that are common to all Java EE modules that are defined in the deployment descriptor.

enterprise archive

A specialized type of JAR file, defined by the Java EE standard, used to deploy Java EE applications to Java EE application servers. An EAR file contains EJB components, a deployment descriptor, and Web archive (WAR) files for individual Web applications. See also Web archive, Java archive.

enterprise bean

A component that implements a business task or business entity and resides in an EJB container. Entity beans, session beans, and message-driven beans are all enterprise beans. (Sun) See also bean.

Enterprise Information Portal

Software developed by IBM that provides tools for advanced searching, and content customization and summarization.

enterprise information system

The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing system for handling company-wide information. An enterprise information system offers a well-defined set of services that are exposed as local or remote interfaces or both. (Sun) See also resource adapter.

Enterprise JavaBeans

A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for the development and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications (Java EE).

Enterprise Metadata Discovery

A specification that allows you to examine an Enterprise Information System (EIS) and get details of business object data structures and APIs. An EMD stores the definitions as XML Schemas by default, and builds components that can access the EIS.

enterprise service

A service that typically accesses one or more enterprise information systems (EIS).

enterprise service bus

A flexible connectivity infrastructure for integrating applications and services; it offers a flexible and manageable approach to service-oriented architecture implementation.

entity

In markup languages such as XML, a collection of characters that can be referenced as a unit, for example to incorporate often-repeated text or special characters within a document.

entity bean

In EJB programming, an enterprise bean that represents persistent data maintained in a database. Each entity bean carries its own identity. (Sun) See also session bean.

entry breakpoint

A breakpoint set on a component element that is hit before the component element is invoked.

envelope

A control structure containing documents.

environment

1. A named collection of logical and physical resources used to support the performance of a function.

2. A structure within the message tree that is user-defined, and that can contain variable information that is associated with a message while it is being processed by a message flow.

environment variable

A variable that specifies how an operating system or another program runs, or the devices that the operating system recognizes.

error

A discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition.

error log stream

A continuous flow of error information that is transmitted using a predefined format.

ESB server

An application server that provides the execution environment for mediation modules in addition to application programs.

escalation

A course of action that runs when a task is not completed satisfactorily within a specific period of time.

ESI processor

A processor that supports fragment caching and fragment assembly into full pages.

ESQL

ESQL data type

A characteristic of an item of data that determines how that data is processed. ESQL supports six data types (Boolean, datetime, null, numeric, reference, and string). Data that is retrieved from a database or is defined in a message model is mapped to one of these basic ESQL types when it is processed in ESQL expressions.

ESQL field reference

A sequence of values, separated by periods, that identify a specific field (which might be a structure) within a message tree or a database table. An example of a field reference is Body.Invoice.InvoiceNo.

ESQL function

A single ESQL expression that calculates a resultant value from a number of given input values. The function can take input parameters but has no output parameters; it returns to the caller the value that results from the implementation of the expression. The ESQL expression can be a compound expression, such as BEGIN END.

ESQL module

A sequence of declarations that define MODULE-scope variables and their initialization, and a sequence of subroutine (function and procedure) declarations that define a specific behavior for a message flow node. A module must begin with the CREATE node_type MODULE statement and end with an END MODULE statement. The node_type must be one of COMPUTE, DATABASE, or FILTER. The entry point of the ESQL code is the MODULE scope procedure named MAIN.

ESQL procedure

A subroutine that has no return value. It can accept input parameters from and return output parameters to the caller.

ESQL variable

A local temporary field that is used to assist in the processing of a message.

event

1. An occurrence of significance to a task or system. Events can include completion or failure of an operation, a user action, or the change in state of a process.

See also resource model, receiver.

2. A change to an application entity that triggers a business object. This business object, which contains data and a verb, becomes an event in the WebSphere business integration system.

See also application event.

3. A change to data in an enterprise information system (EIS) that is processed by the adapter and used to deliver business objects from the EIS to the endpoints (applications) that need to be notified of the change.

4. A change to a state, such as the completion or failure of an operation, business process, or human task, that can trigger a subsequent action, such as persisting the event data to a data repository or invoking another business process.

event access interface

A Java EE stateless session bean that provides methods for querying historical events from the event server.

event catalog

A repository of event metadata used by applications to retrieve information about classes of events and their permitted content.

event catalog application

An application that stores or retrieves event metadata in the event catalog, such as a management or development tool, or an event source or event consumer.

event correlation sphere

The scope of an ECSEmitter method that allows an event consumer to correlate events. Each event includes the identifier of the correlation sphere to which it belongs and the identifier of its parent correlation sphere from the event hierarchy.

event database

A database in which events that can be monitored are stored, and which is required to support the persistence of those events.

event definition

A description of event classes and their allowed content, which is stored by the event catalog.

event delivery

The action of delivering an event (by a connector) to InterChange Server.

event detection

The process by which the WebSphere business integration system identifies that an application event has been generated. Event detection is part of the overall process of event notification. See also application event, event detection mechanism, event notification, event notification mechanism, event trigger.

event detection mechanism

The mechanism or processes that identify that an application event was generated. For example, some application connectors use database triggers to detect events. See also event detection, event notification.

event-driven translation

A translation automatically triggered by the receipt of a document.

event emitter

A component of the Common Event Infrastructure that receives events from event sources, completes and validates the events, and then sends events to the event server based on filter criteria. See also Common Event Infrastructure, event source.

event factory

An object that returns new instances of either the CommonBaseEvent element or of the specialized classes representing complex property data types.

event flow

A visual representation of the event processing that will take place when the application is run.

event group

1. A container for inbound events that enables the user to group events without the overhead of creating a new monitoring context. Event groups are purely a visual construct and are not represented in the monitor model.

2. A set of criteria that is applied to events to identify a subset of those events. The criteria include constraints expressions that define the filter conditions.

event isolation

A feature of InterChange Server that ensures that when multiple collaborations process events containing the same business object instance, the events are processed sequentially in the order received. InterChange Server does not automatically perform event isolation. The collaboration developer must design templates to take advantage of this feature. See also collaboration-object group, port matching.

event listener

A type of asynchronous bean that serves as a notification mechanism and through which Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) components within a single application can notify each other about various asynchronous events.

event management service

A service of InterChange Server that persistently stores events until collaborations are finished using them. This service ensures that InterChange Server and collaborations can recover from crashes without losing events.

event management table

One of three types of database tables in the InterChange Server repository, the event management tables store business objects that are currently being processed.

event model

The part of the monitor model that contains references to all of the elements of the event definitions used in the monitor model.

event notification

The mechanism by which events are polled for and detected by a connector. See also event detection, event detection mechanism, event notification mechanism, event trigger.

event notification mechanism

The mechanism or processes that notify the connector that an application event was generated. The event notification mechanism includes all of the subprocesses of event polling. See also event detection, event notification.

event object

1. An object that captures information about an event that has occurred in a system application and then passes the event object to the event infrastructure, where it is published to event subscribers or stored in a database for later retrieval. The event object describes an event type, indicates when the application generated the event, and identifies properties relevant to the event.

2. An abstraction of the fields in the event definition.

event packet

The set of data that is passed in an event from an external system to the event processing server (runtime server) using the technology connectors. See also connector packet, action packet.

event part

An XML Schema Definition (XSD) type that provides information about the structure of part of an event. A single event definition can have different event parts that are defined by different XML schemas.

event polling

The process by which a connector retrieves application events. Event polling consists of requesting and retrieving events from the event table and passing them to the connector for further processing. In most cases, the processed event or the status of the event is returned to the application. You can customize how the connector polls for event, including setting specific times and frequency. See also event request.

event queue

An ordered list of events.

event record

A temporary record of an application, which is stored in cache until the connector picks it up for processing. See also event store.

event request

event retrieval

The process of polling and retrieving events from the repository event store. When a connector initially receives an event from the event store, it sends a request business object with only key data back to the application to retrieve the full-valued business object. The data is then passed back to the polling mechanism for further processing. See also event polling.

event sequencing

A feature of InterChange Server that ensures that when multiple threads of the same collaboration process events contain the same business object instance, the events are processed sequentially in the order received. InterChange Server automatically performs event sequencing. The collaboration developer does not have to design steps to take advantage of this feature.

event source

An object that supports an asynchronous notification server within a single Java virtual machine. Using an event source, the event listener object can be registered and used to implement any interface.

event store

A persistent cache where event records are saved until a polling adapter can process them. See also event record, event table.

event table

A table that is created in an application and that stores an event record. This table is created as part of the installation and configuration of a connector. Not all connectors use an event table. See also event store.

event trigger

The mechanism or processes that detect an application event and generate an event from it. Typically, an event trigger adds an entry to an event table for delivery to the connector. The event trigger is part of the event notification process. See also event detection, event notification.

event-triggered flow

A data flow triggered by an event that the collaboration receives from a connector controller. A connector initiates an event-triggered flow.

exception

A condition or event that cannot be handled by a normal process.

exception handler

A set of routines that responds to an abnormal condition. An exception handler is able to interrupt and to resume the normal running of processes.

exception list

A list of exceptions, with supporting information, that has been generated during the processing of a message.

exception queue

A queue to which messages associated with certain exceptional conditions, such as errors, are routed.

exception report

A WebSphere MQ report message type that is created by a message channel agent when a message is sent to another queue manager, but that message cannot be delivered to the specified destination queue.

exception transition link

In a collaboration template's activity diagram, the line that represents the path between a node for an action, subactivity, or iterator that encountered an exception and the next node. See also normal transition link, transition link.

execution group

A named process or set of processes within a broker in which message flows are executed. The broker is guaranteed to enforce some degree of isolation between message flows in distinct execution groups by ensuring that they execute in separate address spaces, or as unique processes.

execution trace

A chain of events that is recorded and displayed in a hierarchal format on the Events page of the integration test client.

exit breakpoint

A breakpoint set on a component element that is hit after the component element is invoked.

exit condition

A Boolean expression that controls when processing at a process node is completed.

export

An exposed interface from a Service Component Architecture (SCA) module that offers a business service to the outside world. An export has a binding that defines how the service can be accessed by service requesters, for example, as a Web service.

export file

1. The file containing data that has been exported.

2. A file created during the development process for inbound operations that contains the configuration settings for inbound processing.

expression

An SQL or XQuery operand or a collection of SQL or XQuery operators and operands that yields a single value.

extended common service area

A major element of z/OS virtual storage above the 16MB line. This area contains pageable system data areas that are addressable by all active virtual storage address spaces. It duplicates the common system area (CSA) which exists below the 16MB line.

extended data element

An application-specific element that contains information relevant to an event.

extended deployment

The software that monitors network efficiency and distributes unexpected workloads.

extended messaging

A function of asynchronous messaging where the application server manages the messaging infrastructure and extra standard types of messaging beans are provided to add functionality to that provided by message-driven beans.

extended SQL

A specialized set of SQL functions and statements that are based on regular SQL, and extended with functions and statements that are unique to WebSphere Message Broker.

Extensible Access Control Markup Language

A language used to express policies and rules for controlling access to information.

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

A reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. XHTML is a family of current and future DTDs and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend HTML.

Extensible Markup Language

A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

Extensible Stylesheet Language

A language for specifying style sheets for XML documents. Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) is used with XSL to describe how an XML document is transformed into another document.

Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation

An XML processing language that is used to convert an XML document into another document in XML, PDF, HTML, or other format.

extension

1. A class of objects designated by a specific term or concept; denotation.

2. An element or function not included in the standard language.

3. In Eclipse, the mechanism that a plug-in uses to extend the platform.

See also extension point.

extension point

In Eclipse, the specification that defines what attributes and values must be declared by an extension. See also extension.

external command

A command that causes the command-line interface (CLI) to generate a message and send it to a service to be processed.

external partner

A trading community participant that sends business documents to and receives business documents from the internal partner. See also trading partner.

external security manager

A security product that performs security checking on users and resources. RACF is an example of an ESM.

extract, transform, and load

The process of collecting data from one or more sources, cleansing and transforming it, and then loading it into a database.

F

Faces component

One of a collection of user interface components (such as input fields) and data components (representing data such as records in a database) that can be dragged to a Faces JSP file and then bound to each other to build a dynamic Web project. See also JavaServer Faces.

Faces JSP file

A file that represents a page in a dynamic Web project and contains JavaServer Faces UI and data components. See also JavaServer Faces.

factory

In object-oriented programming, a class that is used to create instances of another class. A factory is used to isolate the creation of objects of a particular class into one place so that new functions can be provided without widespread code changes.

failed event

See unresolved flow.

2. An object that records the source, destination, description, and time of failure between two service connector components.

failed flow

A flow that failed due to application or logic problems.

failover

An automatic operation that switches to a redundant or standby system in the event of a software, hardware, or network interruption.

fast response cache accelerator

A cache that resides in the kernel on AIX and Windows platforms that provides support for caching on multiple Web servers and on servers with multiple IP addresses.

fast view

In Eclipse, a view that is opened and closed by clicking a button on the shortcut bar.

fault message

An object that contains status information and details about a problem with a message.

feature

In Eclipse, a JAR file that is packaged in a form that the update manager accepts and uses to update the platform. Features have a manifest that provides basic information about the content of the feature, which can include plug-ins, fragments and other files.

Federal Information Processing Standard

A standard produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology when national and international standards are nonexistent or inadequate to satisfy the U.S. government requirements.

federated search

A search capability that enables searches across multiple search services and returns a consolidated list of search results.

federation

The process of combining naming systems so that the aggregate system can process composite names that span the naming systems.

feed

A data format that contains periodically updated content that is available to multiple users, applications, or both. See also Rich Site Summary.

field

In object-oriented programming, an attribute or data member of a class.

FileAct delivery notification

A delivery notification that conforms to the FileAct Protocol. See also application delivery notification.

FileAct directory

A directory used exclusively to store files involved in FileAct transfers.

file serving

A function that supports the serving of static files by Web applications.

file splitting

The division of an event file, based on a delimiter or based on size, to separate individual business objects within the file and send them as if they are each an event file to reduce memory requirements.

File Transfer Adapter

A SWIFTAlliance Gateway (SAG) component that transfers files to or from the FileAct directory used by an SAG.

File Transfer Agent

File Transfer Protocol

In TCP/IP, an application layer protocol that uses TCP and Telnet services to transfer bulk-data files between machines or hosts.

filter

1. A device or program that separates data, signals, or material in accordance with specified criteria.

See also servlet filtering.

2. An ESQL expression that is applied to the content of a message in a filter node to determine how the message is processed.

3. An ESQL expression that is applied to the content of a publication message to determine whether the message matches certain criteria.

4. Business logic that is applied to the content of an event to determine whether the event matches certain criteria.

filter expression

An optional expression, used by a notification receiver to filter the notification instances that it will accept. The receiver is listening for a particular type of notification, and in addition it will only accept notification instances that meet the criteria specified by the filter expression.

FIN

SWIFT's store-and-forward message-processing service defining message standards and protocols. See also SWIFTNet FIN.

find

finder method

In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to locate an entity bean. (Sun)

fine-grained

Pertaining to viewing an individual object in detail. See also coarse-grained.

fingerprint

finite state machine

The theoretical base describing the rules of a service request's state and the conditions to state transitions.

fire

In object-oriented programming, to cause a state transition.

firewall

A network configuration, usually both hardware and software, that prevents unauthorized traffic into and out of a secure network.

first-failure data capture

A problem diagnosis aid that identifies errors, gathers and logs information about these errors, and returns control to the affected runtime software.

fix pack

A cumulative collection of fixes that is made available between scheduled refresh packs, manufacturing refreshes, or releases. It is intended to allow customers to come up to a specific maintenance level. See also program temporary fix, interim fix, refresh pack.

flat business object

A business object that contains only simple attributes and does not contain any child business objects. See also hierarchical business object.

flat file

A file stored on a local file system, as opposed to a more complex set of files, such as those in a structured database.

floating segment

An EDI segment of an EDI document definition that can exist in many positions relative to other EDI segments.

flow debugger

A facility to debug message flows that is provided in the Debug perspective in the workbench.

flow object

An object of the business process model that helps connect components in the workflow.

folder

A container used to organize objects.

foreign bus

A service integration bus with which a particular service integration bus can exchange messages.

foreign key

In a relational database, a key in one table that references the primary key in another table. See also constraint, primary key.

foreign key attribute

A simple attribute whose value uniquely identifies a child business object. Typically, this attribute identifies the child business object to its parent by containing the child's primary key value. See also child business object, reference-valued business object.

fork

A process element that makes copies of its input and forwards them by several processing paths in parallel.

for loop

A loop that repeats the same sequence of activities a specified number of times.

form

A display screen, printed document, or file with defined spaces for information to be inserted.

format

The definition of the internal structure of a message, in terms of the fields and the order of those fields. A format can be self-defining, in which case the message is interpreted dynamically when it is read.

form-based login

An authentication process where a user ID and a password are retrieved using an HTML form, and sent to the server over the HTTP or HTTPS protocol.

form bean

In Struts, a class that stores HTML or JSP form data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked. The superclass for all form beans is the ActionForm class.

form logout

A mechanism to log out without having to close all Web browser sessions.

forward

In Struts, an object that is returned by an action and that has two fields: a name and a path (typically the URL of a JSP). The path indicates where a request is to be sent. A forward can be local (pertaining to a specific action) or global (available to any action).

forwardable credential

A mechanism-specific security credential that is issued to access a resource, which is used to obtain another credential for access to a different resource.

frame

In hypertext markup language (HTML) coding, a subset of the Web browser window.

frameset

An HTML file that defines the layout of a Web page that is composed of other, separate HTML files.

free float

A period of time in a process flow after a task runs and before the subsequent task can start. Free floats may result from parallel paths in a process that take varying lengths of time to complete.

free-form project

A monitored directory where Java EE artifacts or module files can be created or dropped. As artifacts are introduced or modified in the free-form project, the artifacts are placed in the appropriate Java EE project structures that are dynamically generated in the workspace. The rapid deployment tools generates deployment artifacts required to construct a Java EE-compliant application and deploy that application to a target server. See also monitored directory.

free-form surface

The open area in a visual editor where developers can add and manipulate objects. For example, the Struts application diagram editor provides a free-form surface for representing JSP pages, HTML pages, action mappings, other Struts application diagrams, links from JSP pages, and forwards from action mappings.

FSM instance directory

A directory used by the finite state machine (FSM) to store temporary files, such as shared memory handles and trace files.

full build

In Eclipse, a build in which all resources within the scope of the build are considered. See also incremental build.

full deployment

Deployment of all the data required to set up the resources for an entire instance. See also delta deployment.

full-valued business object

A business object that contains data values for all of its attributes, not only for its key attributes. Such a business object represents a complete entity. For example, when a collaboration sends a reference-valued business object with a Retrieve verb to a connector, the connector returns a full-valued business object. See also reference-valued business object.

fully qualified domain name

In Internet communications, the name of a host system that includes all of the subnames of the domain name. An example of a fully qualified domain name is rchland.vnet.ibm.com.

functional acknowledgment

An electronic acknowledgment returned to the sender to indicate acceptance or rejection of EDI documents.

functional acknowledgment map

A set of mapping instructions that describe how to create an EDI Standard functional acknowledgment. One of three supported map types.

functional group

One or more documents of a similar type transmitted from the same location and enclosed by functional group header and trailer segments.

function key

A keyboard key that can be programmed to perform certain actions.

G

garbage collection

A routine that searches memory to reclaim space from program segments or inactive data.

gate condition

A condition on a message being processed that must be fulfilled for a mediation policy to apply.

gateway

1. A middleware component that bridges Internet and intranet environments during Web service invocations.

2. An element that controls the splitting and recombining of paths in a process flow.

3. An integration pattern that provides format-independent boundary functions that apply to all incoming messages.

gateway destination

A type of service destination that receives messages for gateway services. Gateway destinations are divided into those that are used for request processing and those that are used for reply processing.

gateway service

A Web service that is made available through the Web services gateway.

General Inter-ORB Protocol

A protocol that Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) uses to define the format of messages.

generic business object

A business object that generically represents a business entity across multiple applications or data sources. See also application-specific business object.

generic object

An object that is used in API calls and XPATH expressions to refer to concepts, custom entities, or collections. For example, the XPATH expression /WSRR/GenericObject will retrieve all concepts from WebSphere Service Registry and Repository.

generic server

A server or process, such as a Java server, a C or C++ server or process, a CORBA server, or a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) server, that is managed in the product administrative domain and supports the product environment.

generic server cluster

A group of remote servers that need routing by the proxy server.

getter method

A method whose purpose is to get the value of an instance or class variable. This allows another object to find out the value of one of its variables. See also setter method.

global

1. Pertaining to information available to more than one program or subroutine.

See also local.

2. Pertaining to an element that is available to any process in the workspace. A global element appears in the project tree and can be used in multiple processes. Tasks, processes, repositories, and services can be either global (referenced by any process in the project) or local (specific to a single process).

See also local.

global attribute

In XML, an attribute that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global attributes can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.

global element

In XML, an element that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global elements can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.

global instance identifier

A globally unique identifier that is generated either by the application or by the emitter and is used as a primary key for event identification.

global security

Pertains to all applications running in the environment and determines whether security is used, the type of registry used for authentication, and other values, many of which act as defaults.

global transaction

A recoverable unit of work performed by one or more resource managers in a distributed transaction environment and coordinated by an external transaction manager.

global variable

A variable that is used to hold and manipulate values assigned to it during translation and that is shared across maps and across document translations. One of the three types of variables supported by the Data Interchange Services mapping command language.

Globus certificate service

An online service that issues low-quality GSI certificates for people who want to experiment with Grid (or distributed) computing components that require certificates but have no other means to acquire certificates. The Globus certificate service is not a true CA. Certificates from the Globus certificate service are intended solely for experimentation. Use caution when using these certificates, for they are not intended for use in production systems. See also certificate authority.

governance life cycle

A life cycle that represents the states and transitions that can exist in SOA deployment.

governance policy validator

A sample validator that enables the user to control the operations that can be performed on specific entities based on the metadata that is attached to those entities.

governance processes

A process that ensures that compliance and operational polices are enforced, and that change occurs in a controlled fashion and with appropriate authority as envisioned by the business design.

governance state

A state defined within the governance life cycle, for example, "created", "planned", or "specified".

governance Web service

A service that retrieves information and runs actions, relating to the governance of objects, from a Web service client.

governed collection

Group of objects on which an operation may be performed automatically, as a result of an initial operation.

governed entity

Controls visibility of artifacts as well as controlling who can perform which actions on specific governed entities.

grammar

A document type definition (DTD) or schema providing a structured format used for successful processing by the trace service.

graphical user interface

A type of computer interface that presents a visual metaphor of a real-world scene, often of a desktop, by combining high-resolution graphics, pointing devices, menu bars and other menus, overlapping windows, icons and the object-action relationship.

Greenwich mean time

The mean solar time at the meridian of Greenwich, England.

grid job

A set of managed background activities. See also native start endpoint.

group

1. A collection of users who can share access authorities for protected resources.

2. In places, two or more people who are grouped for membership in a place.

3. A list of elements with information about how those elements can appear in a message. Groups can be ordered, unordered, or selective.

4. A set of related documents within an interchange. An interchange can contain zero to many groups.

H

HA group

A collection of one or more members used to provide high availability for a process.

handle

In the Java EE specification, an object that identifies an enterprise bean. A client may serialize the handle, and then later deserialize it to obtain a reference to the enterprise bean. (Sun)

handler

In Web services, a mechanism for processing service content and extending the function of a JAX-RPC runtime system.

handshake

The exchange of messages at the start of a Secure Sockets Layer session that allows the client to authenticate the server using public key techniques (and, optionally, for the server to authenticate the client), then allows the client and server to cooperate in creating symmetric keys for encryption, decryption, and detection of tampering.

HA policy

A set of rules that is defined for an HA group that dictate whether zero (0), or more members are activated. The policy is associated with a specific HA group by matching the policy match criteria with the group name.

hash

In computer security, a number generated from a string of text that is used to ensure that transmitted messages arrived intact.

hashed method authentication code

A mechanism for message authentication that uses cryptographic hash functions.

header

The portion of a message that contains control information.

headless

Pertains to a program or application that can run without a graphical user interface or, in some cases, without any user interface at all. Headless operation is often used for network servers or embedded systems.

health controller

An autonomic manager that constantly monitors defined health policies. When a specified health policy condition does not exist in the environment, the health controller verifies that configured actions correct the error.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

A legislative act in the U.S. that requires health plans and providers to use a common format when electronically communicating health information.

health policy

A set of rules that an administrator can define and use to monitor conditions and take actions when the conditions occur.

heap

In Java programming, a block of memory that the Java virtual machine (JVM) uses at run time to store Java objects. Java heap memory is managed by a garbage collector, which automatically de-allocates Java objects that are no longer in use.

heartbeat

A signal that one entity sends to another to convey that it is still active.

hierarchical

Pertaining to data that is organized on computer systems using a hierarchy of containers, often called folders (directories) and files. In this scheme, folders can contain other folders and files. The successive containment of folders within folders creates the levels of organization, which is the hierarchy.

hierarchical business object

A business object that contains one or more child business objects. See also flat business object, top-level business object.

hierarchical file system

A system for organizing files in a hierarchy, as in a UNIX system.

hierarchical loop

A technique for describing the relationship of data entities which are related in a parent to child manner, like a corporate organization chart.

high availability

1. Pertaining to a clustered system that is reconfigured when node or daemon failures occur, so that workloads can be redistributed to the remaining nodes in the cluster.

2. The ability of IT services to withstand all outages and continue providing processing capability according to some predefined service level. Covered outages include both planned events, such as maintenance and backups, and unplanned events, such as software failures, hardware failures, power failures, and disasters.

high availability file system

A cluster file system that can be used for component redundancy to provide continued operations during failures.

high availability manager

A framework within which core group membership is determined and status is communicated between core group members.

high-level qualifier

A qualifier that groups tables together with other tables that have different names, but the same qualifier.

home interface

In enterprise beans, an interface that defines zero or more create and remove methods for a session bean or zero or more create, finder, and remove methods for an entity bean. See also remote interface.

home method

A method in the home interface that is used by a client to create, locate, and remove instances of enterprise beans.

home page

The top-level Web page of a portal.

hook

A location in a compiled program where the compiler has inserted an instruction that allows programmers to interrupt the program (by setting breakpoints) for debugging purposes.

horizontal scaling

A topology in which more than one application server running on multiple computing nodes is used to run a single application.

host

1. A computer that is connected to a network and that provides an access point to that network. The host can be a client, a server, or both a client and server simultaneously.

See also server, client.

2. In performance profiling, a machine that owns processes that are being profiled.

See also server.

host name

1. In Internet communication, the name given to a computer. Sometimes, host name is used to mean the fully qualified domain name; other times, it is used to mean the most specific subname of a fully qualified domain name. For example, if mycomputer.city.company.com is the fully qualified domain name, either of the following host names can be used: mycomputer.city.company.com or mycomputer.

2. The network name for a network adapter on a physical machine in which the node is installed.

host system

An enterprise mainframe computer system that hosts 3270 applications. In the 3270 terminal service development tools, the developer uses the 3270 terminal service recorder to connect to the host system.

hot deployment

The process of adding new components to a running server without stopping and restarting the application server or application. See also dynamic reloading.

hot directory

hot servant region

A servant region that had a request dispatched to it previously and now has available threads.

hover help

A form of online help that can be viewed by moving a cursor over a GUI item such as an icon or field.

HTTP channel

A type of channel within a transport chain that provides client applications with persistent HTTP connections to remote hosts that are either blocked by firewalls or require an HTTP proxy server. An HTTP channel is used to exchange application data in the body of an HTTP request and an HTTP response that are sent to and received from a remote server.

HTTP over SSL

A Web protocol for secure transactions that encrypts and decrypts user page requests and pages returned by the Web server.

hub administrator

The superuser who configures the hub and who has the ability to perform all the tasks associated with setting up and administering the hub.

human task

An interaction between people and business processes or services. See also inline task, stand-alone task.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

An Internet protocol that is used by Web servers and Web browsers to transfer and display hypermedia documents securely across the Internet.

I

IBM content partner

IBM partner that provides syndicated content for portals.

IBM Runtime Environment for Java

A subset of the IBM Developer Kit for the Java Platform that contains the core executable files and other files that constitute the standard Java platform. The IBM Runtime Environment includes the Java virtual machine (JVM), core classes, and supporting files.

IBM Software Developer Kit for Java

A software package that can be used to write, compile, debug, and run Java applets and applications.

IBM WebSphere InterChange Server Access

A collection of WebSphere business integration components, including Server Access Interface and data handlers, that enable the WebSphere business integration system to receive calls from external processes.

identifier

1. In the 3270 terminal services development tool, a field on a screen definition that uniquely identifies the state of the screen. Users can choose which fields will be identifiers when creating recognition profiles.

2. The name of an item in a program written in the Java language.

identity

The data that represents a person and that is stored in one or more repositories.

identity assertion

The invocation credential that is asserted to the downstream server. This credential can be set as the originating client identity, the server identity, or another specified identity, depending on the RunAs mode for the enterprise bean.

identity relationship

The association between business objects or other data on a one-to-one basis. Each participant in the relationship is associated with a business object that has a value (or combination of values) that uniquely identifies the object. Identity relationships typically transform the key attributes of business objects, such as ID numbers and product codes.

identity token

A token that contains the invocation credential identity, which with the client authentication token are required by the receiving server to accept the asserted identity.

IDoc domain

The message domain that includes all messages that are exchanged between the broker and SAP R3 clients across the MQSeries link for R/3. Messages in this domain are processed by the IDoc parser. See also BLOB domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

IDoc parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the IDoc domain and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output.

if-then rule

A rule in which the action (then part) is performed only when the condition (if part) is true. See also rule set, action rule.

i-mode

An Internet service for wireless devices.

implementation function

A function written for a user-defined node or message parser. See also user-defined node, user-defined parser.

import

1. The point at which an SCA module accesses an external service, (a service outside the SCA module) as if it was local. An import defines interactions between the SCA module and the service provider. An import has a binding and one or more interfaces.

2. A development artifact that imports a service that is external to a module.

See also import file.

import file

A file created during the development process for outbound operations that contains the configuration settings for outbound processing. See also import.

IMS command

A request from a terminal or AO (automated operator) to perform a specific IMS service, such as altering system resource status or displaying specific system information.

IMS connect

The product that runs on an MVS, OS/390, or z/OS platform and through which IMS Connector for Java communicates with IMS. IMS Connect uses OTMA to communicate with IMS. See also Open Transaction Manager Access.

IMS conversation

1. A dialog between a terminal and a message processing program using IMS conversational processing facilities.

See also conversational processing.

2. In IMS Connector for Java, the dialog between a Java client program and a message processing program.

IMS transaction

A specific set of input data that triggers the execution of a specific process or job. A transaction is a message destined for an IMS application program.

IMS transaction code

A 1- to 8-character alphanumeric code that invokes an IMS message processing program.

inbound authentication

The configuration that determines the type of accepted authentication for inbound requests.

inbound document

inbound event

A declaration that a monitoring context or KPI context will accept a specific event at run time.

inbound map

A map that transforms a generic business object into an application-specific business object.

inbound port

A type of port that takes a message that is received at an endpoint listener and passes it to the service integration bus for forwarding to the appropriate inbound service.

inbound processing

The process by which changes to business information in an enterprise information system (EIS) are detected, processed, and delivered to a run time by a JCA Adapter. An adapter may detect EIS changes by polling an event table or by using an event listener.

inbound service

The external interface for a service that is provided by your own organization and hosted in a location that is directly available through the service destination.

inbound transport

Network ports in which a server listens for incoming requests.

Incoming Application Message Store

A message store, implemented as the database table DNF_IAMS, in which messages received from remote applications (OSN messages) are stored.

incremental build

In Eclipse, a build in which only resources that have changed since the last build are considered. See also full build.

individual resource

A single resource that can be uniquely identified, such as a person or computer. Individual resources are used when a specific resource must be allocated to a task. For example, the Mary Smith resource must perform the Approve Payment task.

information center

A collection of information that provides support for users of one or more products, can be launched separately from the product, and includes a list of topics for navigation and a search engine.

Information Management System

Any of several system environments available with a database manager and transaction processing that are capable of managing complex databases and terminal networks.

inheritance

An object-oriented programming technique in which existing classes are used as a basis for creating other classes. Through inheritance, more specific elements incorporate the structure and behavior of more general elements.

initial CDD

A customization definition document (CDD) to which placeholders have not yet been added.

initial context

Starting point in a namespace.

initialization point

A user-defined constant or variable used to initialize the attributes of an object.

initial reference

A well-known reference associated with an identifier.

inline schema

An XML schema in a Web Service Definition Language file (.wsdl).

inline task

In the human task editor, a unit of work that is defined within an implementation of a business process. See also human task, stand-alone task.

input

An entry point through which an element is notified that it can start, typically because an upstream element, on which it depends, has completed. If the element has all of its required input, then it will start.

input activity

The origin of the process that is the source of the invocation data of the entire process.

input branch

The area of a decision, fork, join, or merge that contains the inputs.

input criteria

Number and types of inputs required to start a task or process.

input node

1. A message flow node that represents a source of messages for a message flow or subflow.

See also output node.

2. The point where a service message from a source enters the request flow.

input response node

The end point for a mediation response flow from which the service message object is sent to the source.

input terminal node

A primitive through which a message is received by a subflow. Each input terminal node is represented as an input terminal of the corresponding subflow node.

installation directory

In a z/OS environment, a file system into which all product data is installed, and from which it is referenced and retrieved during the customization phase.

installation package

An entity that Centralized Installation Manager (CIM) transfers from the repository and installs on the installation targets.

installation target

The system on which selected installation packages are installed.

instance

1. A specific occurrence of an object that belongs to a class.

See also object.

2. A set of servers that share a common runtime database, plus their corresponding brokers and queue managers.

instance document

An XML document that conforms to a particular schema.

instance metric

A metric that returns the result, such as the amount of an order, from one run of the process.

instantiate

To represent an abstraction with a concrete instance.

integrated development environment

A set of software development tools, such as source editors, compilers, and debuggers, that are accessible from a single user interface.

integration broker

A component that integrates data among heterogeneous applications. An integration broker typically provides various services that can route data, as well as a repository of rules that govern the integration process, connectivity to various applications, and administrative capabilities that facilitate integration.

interaction

A definition that explains what the target document should be. An interaction consists of the source document, target document, action, and a transformation map.

interaction block

A piece of business logic that is evaluated by the runtime server when an event is received.

interaction endpoint

A service requester or provider.

interaction pattern

A communication method for sending or receiving messages in a service interaction. Examples of interaction patterns include request/reply, one-way interaction, and publish/subscribe.

interaction set

A group of interaction blocks that provide complex business logic against which events are evaluated by the runtime server.

interactive session

A work session in which there is an exchange of communication between a 3270 application and the 3270 terminal service recorder.

Interactive System Productivity Facility

An IBM licensed program that serves as a full-screen editor and dialog manager. Used for writing application programs, it provides a means of generating standard screen panels and interactive dialogs between the application programmer and terminal user. See also Time Sharing Option.

interactive view

In 3270 terminal services, real-time access to a host application in the 3270 terminal service recorder editor.

interchange

The exchange of information between trading partners. Also a set of documents grouped together, such as EDI documents enclosed within an EDI envelope.

InterChange repository

InterChange Server

A multi-threaded, Java-based run-time environment that provides distributed system services and executes the WebSphere business integration software components. InterChange Server provides a comprehensive set of technical services, including system management, event management, repository services, error handling, transaction management, data transformation, and messaging.

InterChange Server repository

A persistent data store maintained by InterChange Server consisting of configuration information and definitions of all WebSphere business integration objects (metadata). The InterChange Server database contains three types of database tables: repository, event management, and transaction.

interface

A collection of operations that are used to specify a service of a class or a component. See also class, port type.

Interface Definition Language

In CORBA, a declarative language that is used to describe object interfaces, without regard to object implementation.

interface map

A map that resolves and reconciles the differences between the interfaces of interacting components. There are two levels of interface maps: operation mappings and parameter mappings.

interim fix

A certified fix that is generally available to all customers between regularly scheduled fix packs, refresh packs, or releases. See also fix pack, refresh pack.

intermediate CDD

A customization definition document (CDD) to which placeholders have been added, but for which placeholder values have not yet been specified.

intermediate object

An abstract representation of the fields that belong to the event and action definitions.

internal command

A command that is processed directly by and that controls the command-line interface (CLI).

internal partner

A company that acts as the hub community for its partners. The internal partner has one administrative user and the manager administrator who is responsible for the health and maintenance of the internal partner’s portion of the community.

internal rate of return

The interest rate received for an investment, based on anticipated expenses and income that will occur at regular periods

internationalized

In national language support, pertaining to a program that can operate in all language environments without any change to the program.

Internet Content Adaptation Protocol

A high-level protocol for requesting services from an Internet-based server.

Internet Control Message Protocol

An Internet protocol that is used by a gateway to communicate with a source host, for example, to report an error in a datagram.

Internet Engineering Task Force

The task force of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) that is responsible for solving the short-term engineering needs of the Internet. The IETF consists of numerous working groups, each focused on a particular problem. Specifications proposed as standards typically undergo a period of development and review before they are adopted as standards.

Internet Inter-ORB Protocol

A protocol used for communication between Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) object request brokers. See also Common Object Request Broker Architecture.

Internet Protocol

A protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks. This protocol acts as an intermediary between the higher protocol layers and the physical network. See also Transmission Control Protocol.

interoperability

The ability of a computer or program to work with other computers or programs.

Interoperable Naming Service

A program that supports the configuration of the Object Request Broker (ORB) administratively to return object references.

interoperable object reference

An object reference with which an application can make a remote method call on a CORBA object. This reference contains all the information needed to route a message directly to the appropriate server.

interrupt

A condition that applies to a simulation that causes the simulation execution to be halted if the condition is met.

in-transit flow

A flow that is created when the server crashes during a service call transmission in a collaboration configured for Service Call In-Transit persistence.

introspector

In Java, a class (java.beans.Introspector) that provides a standard way for tools to learn about the properties, events, and methods supported by a target bean. Introspectors follow the JavaBeans specification.

invocation

The activation of a program or procedure.

invocation credential

An identity with which to invoke a downstream method. The receiving server requires this identity with the sending server identity to accept the asserted identity.

invoker attribute

An assembly property for a Web module that is used by the servlet that implements the invocation behavior.

IP sprayer

A device that is located between inbound requests from the users and the application server nodes that reroutes requests across nodes.

isolation checking

A feature of InterChange Server that ensures that data revisited during execution of a transactional collaboration has not changed its value since the previous visit. The server performs isolation checking only for a transactional collaboration that has its transaction level set to Best Effort or Stringent. See also compensation.

iteration

See loop.

iterator

1. A class or construct that is used to step through a collection of objects one at a time.

2. In a collaboration template's activity diagram, a specialized form of subdiagram that is analogous to a "for" loop and that allows a collaboration to perform an operation on all the attributes of a business object or on all the elements of a business object array. Also, the activity diagram symbol that embeds a reference to a nested diagram that implements such a looping operation, and the diagram that contains the looping behavior.

J

JAR file

A Java archive file. See also enterprise archive, Web archive.

Java

An object-oriented programming language for portable interpretive code that supports interaction among remote objects. Java was developed and specified by Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.

Java API for XML

A set of Java-based APIs for handling various operations involving data defined through Extensible Markup Language (XML).

Java API for XML-based RPC

A specification that describes application programming interfaces (APIs) and conventions for building Web services and Web service clients that use remote procedure calls (RPC) and XML.

Java API for XML Web Services

The next-generation Web services programming model that is based on dynamic proxies and Java annotations.

Java Architecture for XML Binding

A Java binding technology that supports transformation between schema and Java objects, as well as between XML instance documents and Java object instances.

Java archive

A compressed file format for storing all of the resources that are required to install and run a Java program in a single file. See also enterprise archive, Web archive.

Java Authentication and Authorization Service

In Java EE technology, a standard API for performing security-based operations. Through JAAS, services can authenticate and authorize users while enabling the applications to remain independent from underlying technologies.

Java bean

See bean.

JavaBeans

As defined for Java by Sun Microsystems, a portable, platform-independent, reusable component model. See also bean.

JavaBeans Activation Framework

A standard extension to the Java platform that determines arbitrary data types and available operations and can instantiate a bean to run pertinent services.

Java class

A class that is written in the Java language.

Java Command Language

A scripting language for the Java environment that is used to create Web content and to control Java applications.

Java connector development kit

A set of Java class libraries used when developing a Java connector. These libraries contain predefined classes that are used to derive connector-specific classes and libraries. They provide methods for implementing services such as tracing and logging.

Java Connector security

An architecture designed to extend the end-to-end security model for Java EE-based applications to include enterprise information systems (EIS).

Java Database Connectivity

An industry standard for database-independent connectivity between the Java platform and a wide range of databases. The JDBC interface provides a call level interface for SQL-based and XQuery-based database access. See also Open Database Connectivity.

Javadoc

1. Pertaining to the tool that parses the declarations and documentation comments in a set of source files and produces a set of HTML pages describing the classes, inner classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields.

2. A tool that parses the declarations and documentation comments in a set of source files and produces a set of HTML pages describing the classes, inner classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields. (Sun)

Java EE application

Any deployable unit of Java EE functionality. This unit can be a single module or a group of modules packaged into an enterprise archive (EAR) file with a Java EE application deployment descriptor. (Sun)

Java EE Connector Architecture

A standard architecture for connecting the Java EE platform to heterogeneous enterprise information systems (EIS).

Java EE server

A runtime environment that provides EJB or Web containers.

Java file

An editable source file (with .java extension) that can be compiled into bytecode (a .class file).

JavaMail API

A platform and protocol-independent framework for building Java-based mail client applications.

Java Management Extensions

A means of doing management of and through Java technology. JMX is a universal, open extension of the Java programming language for management that can be deployed across all industries, wherever management is needed.

Java Message Service

An application programming interface that provides Java language functions for handling messages. See also Application Messaging Interface, Message Queue Interface.

Java Naming and Directory Interface

An extension to the Java platform that provides a standard interface for heterogeneous naming and directory services.

Java platform

A collective term for the Java language for writing programs; a set of APIs, class libraries, and other programs used in developing, compiling, and error-checking programs; and a Java virtual machine which loads and runs the class files. (Sun)

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition

An environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications, defined by Sun Microsystems Inc. The Java EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multitiered, Web-based applications. (Sun)

Java Platform, Standard Edition

The core Java technology platform. (Sun)

Java project

In Eclipse, a project that contains compilable Java source code and is a container for source folders or packages.

Java runtime environment

A subset of a Java developer kit that contains the core executable programs and files that constitute the standard Java platform. The JRE includes the Java virtual machine (JVM), core classes, and supporting files.

JavaScript

A Web scripting language that is used in both browsers and Web servers. (Sun)

JavaScript Object Notation

A lightweight data-interchange format that is based on the object-literal notation of JavaScript. JSON is programming-language neutral but uses conventions from languages that include C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python.

Java Secure Socket Extension

A Java package that enables secure Internet communications. It implements a Java version of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TSL) protocols and supports data encryption, server authentication, message integrity, and optionally client authentication.

Java SE Development Kit

The name of the software development kit that Sun Microsystems provides for the Java platform.

JavaServer Faces

A framework for building Web-based user interfaces in Java. Web developers can build applications by placing reusable UI components on a page, connecting the components to an application data source, and wiring client events to server event handlers. See also JavaServer Pages, Faces component, Faces JSP file.

JavaServer Pages

A server-side scripting technology that enables Java code to be dynamically embedded within Web pages (HTML files) and run when the page is served, in order to return dynamic content to a client. See also JSP file, JSP page, JavaServer Faces.

Java Specification Request

A formally proposed specification for the Java platform.

Java virtual machine

A software implementation of a processor that runs compiled Java code (applets and applications).

Java virtual machine Profiler Interface

A profiling tool that supports the collection of information, such as data about garbage collection and the Java virtual machine (JVM) API that runs the application server.

JDBC connection filter

A control that limits the amount of data that is transferred during the JDBC metadata load. The filter enhances performance.

Jetspeed

The open-source portal that is part of the Jakarta project by Apache.

JMS data binding

A data binding that provides a mapping between the format used by an external JMS message and the Service Data Object (SDO) representation used by a Service Component Architecture (SCA) module.

JMS domain

The message domain that includes all messages that are produced by the WebSphere MQ implementation of the Java Message Service standard. These messages, which have a message type of either JMSMap or JMSStream, are supported in the same way as messages in the XML domain and are parsed by the XML parser. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

JMS provider

A messaging engine that implements the JMS messaging specification, for example WebSphere MQ or SiBus.

JMS queue

An object in which message queuing applications use the Java Message Service specification to put messages, and from which they can get messages.

JMS topic

An object in which message queuing applications use the Java Message Service specification to put messages, and from which they can get messages using the publish/subscribe style of messaging.

job class

A type of class that establishes a policy for resource consumption using a set of jobs. Each job is assigned to a job class.

job control language

A command language that identifies a job to an operating system and describes the job's requirements.

job log

A record of requests submitted to the system by a job, the messages related to the requests, and the actions performed by the system on the job. The job log is maintained by the system program.

job management console

A stand-alone Web interface that Compute Grid users use to perform job operations. Through the console, jobs can be submitted, monitored, viewed, and managed.

job manager

An administrative process that manages multiple base application servers or network deployment cells.

job scheduler

A component that provides all job-management functions. A job scheduler maintains a history of all jobs and usage data for jobs that have run.

join

1. An SQL relational operation with which data can be retrieved from two or more tables based on matching column values

2. The configuration on an incoming link that determines the behavior of the link.

3. A process element that recombines and synchronizes parallel processing paths after a decision or fork. A join waits for input to arrive at each of its incoming branches before permitting the process to continue.

join condition

A condition that determines whether to run the next activity.

join failure

A fault that is thrown if a join condition cannot be evaluated.

JRas

A toolkit that consists of a set of Java packages that enable developers to incorporate message logging and trace facilities into Java applications.

JSP file

A scripted HTML file that has a .jsp extension and allows for the inclusion of dynamic content in Web pages. A JSP file can be directly requested as a URL, called by a servlet, or called from within an HTML page. See also JavaServer Pages, JSP page.

JSP page

A text-based document using fixed template data and JSP elements that describes how to process a request to create a response. (Sun) See also JavaServer Pages, JSP file.

junction

A logical connection created to establish a path from one server to another.

JUnit

An open-source regression testing framework for unit-testing Java programs.

Jython

An implementation of the Python programming language that is integrated with the Java platform.

K

kernel

The part of an operating system that contains programs for such tasks as input/output, management and control of hardware, and the scheduling of user tasks.

key

1. A cryptographic mathematical value that is used to digitally sign, verify, encrypt, or decrypt a message.

See also private key, public key.

2. Information that characterizes and uniquely identifies the real-world entity that is being tracked by a monitoring context.

key attribute

A simple attribute whose value is unique for each business object.

key class

In EJB query language, a class that is used to create or find an entity bean. It represents the identity of the entity bean, corresponding to the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database.

key database file

Keyed-Hashing Message Authentication Code

A mechanism for message authentication that uses cryptographic hash functions.

key field

In EJB query language, a container-managed field in an entity bean that corresponds to one of the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database. Each key field is a member of the entity bean's key class.

key file

key locator

A mechanism that retrieves the key for XML signing, XML digital signature verification, XML encryption, and XML decryption.

key performance indicator

A quantifiable measure designed to track one of the critical success factors of a business process.

key ring

In computer security, a file that contains public keys, private keys, trusted roots, and certificates. See also keystore file.

keystore

In security, a file or a hardware cryptographic card where identities and private keys are stored, for authentication and encryption purposes. Some keystores also contain trusted, or public, keys. See also truststore, certificate signing request.

keystore file

A key ring that contains both public keys that are stored as signer certificates and private keys that are stored in personal certificates. See also key database file.

keystring

Additional specification of the entry within a naming service.

key value pair

Information that is expressed as a paired set of parameters. For example, if you want to express that the specific sport is football, this data can be expressed as key=sport and value=football.

keyword

One of the predefined words of a programming language, artificial language, application, or command.

keyword parameter

A parameter that consists of a keyword followed by one or more values.

knowledge asset

A document external to the scope of the product that contains information associated to existing metadata.

KPI context

A container for key performance indicators (KPIs) and their associated triggers and events.

KPI model

The part of the monitor model that contains the KPI contexts, which in turn contain key performance indicators and their associated triggers and events.

L

label

A node in a portal that cannot contain any content, but can contain other nodes. Labels are used primarily to group nodes in the navigation tree.

language code

A two character (ISO 639-1) or three letter (ISO 639-2) abbreviation for a language. For example: en or eng for English. Country codes and language codes together form the basis for locale names.

large object

A data type used by databases for large objects.

launch configuration

A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench configurations that can be launched separately. Configurable options include run and debug settings.

launchpad

A graphical interface for launching the product installation wizard.

layout box

In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to position text and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked or aligned using a grid.

layout manager

In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that controls the size and position of Java components within a container. The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout managers for AWT and Swing containers.

lazy authentication

The process whereby the security run time environment obtains the required authentication data when the Java client accesses a protected enterprise bean for the first time.

LDAP directory

A type of repository that stores information on people, organizations, and other resources and that is accessed using the LDAP protocol. The entries in the repository are organized into a hierarchical structure, and in some cases the hierarchical structure reflects the structure or geography of an organization.

library

1. A collection of model elements, including business items, processes, tasks, resources, and organizations.

2. A project that is used for the development, version management, and organization of shared resources. Only a subset of the artifact types can be created and stored in a library business objects and interfaces.

See also project.

life cycle

One complete pass through the four phases of software development: inception, elaboration, construction and transition.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet or intranet directory.

Lightweight Third Party Authentication

A protocol that uses cryptography to support security in a distributed environment.

link

A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A link passes information between activities and determines the order in which they run.

link name

A name defined in the deployment descriptor of the encompassing application.

link pack area

The portion of virtual storage below 16MB that contains frequently used modules.

listener

A program that detects incoming requests and starts the associated channel.

listener port

An object that defines the association between a connection factory, a destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the administration of the associations between these resources.

literal

A symbol or a quantity in a source program that is itself data, rather than a reference to data.

Literal XML

An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML is based on an XML schema instance.

loadable implementation library

The implementation module for a node or parser written in C. This library file is implemented in the same way as a dynamic link library, but has a file extension of .lil not .dll.

load balancing

The monitoring of application servers and management of the workload on servers. If one server exceeds its workload, requests are forwarded to another server with more capacity.

LOB

local

1. Pertaining to a device, file, or system that is accessed directly from a user's system, without the use of a communication line.

See also remote.

2. Pertaining to an element that is available only in its own process.

See also global.

local authentication

The process of validating a user's identity to the system according to the local operating system account to which the user logged in. If the user is authenticated, the user is mapped to a principal.

local database

A database that is located on the workstation in use. See also remote database.

locale

A setting that identifies language or geography and determines formatting conventions such as collation, case conversion, character classification, the language of messages, date and time representation, and numeric representation.

local environment

A structure within the message tree that contains broker and, optionally, user information that is associated with a message while it is being processed by a message flow. In previous releases, the local environment structure was known as the Destination List.

local error log

A generic term that refers to the logs to which WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker writes records on the local system.

local history

Copies of files that are saved in the workbench in order to compare the current version with previous versions. Subject to configurable preferences, the workbench updates the local history each time an editable file is saved.

local home interface

In EJB programming, an interface that specifies the methods used by local clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also remote home interface.

local queue

A queue that belongs to the local queue manager. A local queue can contain a list of messages waiting to be processed. See also remote queue.

local queue manager

The queue manager to which the program is connected and that provides message queuing services to the program. See also remote queue manager.

local transaction

A recoverable unit of work managed by a resource manager and not coordinated by an external transaction manager.

local transaction containment

A bounded scope that is managed by the container to define the application server behavior in an unspecified transaction context.

location

A particular occurrence or example of a location definition. If there is a location definition called USA Call Center, an example of a location would be Toledo Call Center.

location service daemon

A component of the Remote Method Invocation and Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (RMI/IIOP) communication function that works with workload management to distribute RMI requests among application servers in a cell.

logger

A named and stateful object with which the user code interacts and that logs messages for a specific system or application component.

logging

The recording of data about specific events on the system, such as errors.

logging level

A value that controls which events are processed by Java logging.

log handler

A class that uses loggers, levels, and filters to direct whether events are processed or suppressed.

logical derivation

A derivation from a physical document that can have additional service description metadata allocated to the derivation. See also logical model.

logical model

A set of logical derivations. See also logical derivation.

logical terminal

In SWIFT, the logical entity through which users send and receive SWIFT messages. A logical terminal is identified by its LT name.

logical terminal table

A MERVA table used to define logical terminals, their synonyms, and other attributes.

logical unit of work

The work that occurs between the start of a transaction and commit or rollback and between subsequent commit and rollback actions. This work defines the set of operations that must be considered part of an integral set.

login binding

A definition of the implementation to provide login information per authentication methods.

login mapping

A Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) login configuration that is used to authenticate a security token in a Web service security header.

long name

The property that specifies the logical name for the server on the z/OS platform.

long-running process

A process that can come to a complete stop while waiting for input or instructions. The most common form of this interruption would be a human interaction or decision.

lookup relationship

The association between data, such as attributes in business objects. The data can be related on a one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many basis. Each participant in the relationship is associated with a simple data type, not a business object. Lookup relationships typically transform non-key attributes whose values are represented with codes, such as marital status or currency code. Use a lookup relationship if the data in the attributes is static, that is, if new values are not often added or existing values removed.

loop

A sequence of instructions performed repeatedly.

loop ID

A unique code that identifies an EDI loop.

loop repeat

A number indicating the maximum number of times a loop can be used in succession.

loose coupling

A coupling that supports an extensible software architecture.

LPA

LT code

The ninth character of an LT name. For example, the LT code of the LT name XXXXUSNYA is A.

LT name

A nine-character name of the form BBBBCCLLX, where BBBBCCLL represents the eight-character bank identifier code (BIC8), and X represents the logical terminal (LT) code.

M

mail session

A resource collection of protocol providers that authenticate users and control user access to messaging systems.

maintenance mode

A state of a node or server that an administrator can use to diagnose, maintain, or tune the node or server without disrupting incoming traffic in a production environment.

manageability

The ability to manage a resource, or the ability of a resource to be managed. (OASIS)

manageability capability

A capability associated with one or more management domains. (OASIS)

manageability capability interface

A Web service interface representing one manageability capability. (OASIS)

manageability consumer

A user of manageability capabilities associated with one or more manageable resources. (OASIS)

manageability endpoint

A Web service endpoint associated with and providing access to a manageable resource. (OASIS)

manageability interface

The composition of one or more manageability capability interfaces. (OASIS)

manageable resource

A resource capable of supporting one or more standard manageability capabilities. (OASIS)

Managed Bean

In the Java Management Extensions (JMX) specification, the Java objects that implement resources and their instrumentation.

managed deployment environment

A set of server components that are used to test and deploy applications in a controlled environment.

managed environment

An environment where services, such as transaction demarcation, security, and connections to Enterprise Information Systems (EISs), are managed on behalf of the running application. Examples of managed environments are the Web and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) containers.

managed node

A node that is federated to a deployment manager and contains a node agent and can contain managed servers. See also node.

managed resource

An entity that exists in the runtime environment of an IT system and that can be managed. See also sensor.

managed server

A server within a managed node, to which SCA modules and applications can be deployed.

management domain

An area of knowledge relative to providing control over, and information about the behavior, health and life cycle of manageable resources.

Management Information Base

In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a database of objects that can be queried or set by a network management system.

mandatory place

A shared place, either a public place or a restricted place, in which all portal users must be members. Only portal administrators can designate a shared place to be a mandatory place. Because membership is automatic and required, portal users cannot join or leave mandatory places.

manifest

A special file that can contain information about the files packaged in a JAR file. (Sun)

manual emulator

An emulator that requires users to specify response values for an emulated component or reference at run time. See also programmatic emulator, emulator.

map

1. In the EJB development environment, the specification of how the container-managed persistent fields of an enterprise bean correspond to columns in a relational database table or other persistent storage.

2. An entity that contains the Java code to specify how to transform attributes from one or more source business objects to one or more destination business objects. A map either converts from an application-specific business object to a generic business object (outbound map) or from a generic business object to an application-specific business object (inbound map).

3. A file that defines the transformation between sources and targets.

4. To associate a source to a target in a message map.

map chaining

The process of producing multiple documents from a single document by executing several maps to translate the single document.

map control string

An object compiled from a map, which contains the instructions used by the translator to translate a document from one format to another.

Map Designer

A WebSphere business integration code-generation tool with which you create and edit map definitions to define transformations between source and destination business objects.

mapped expression

In WebSphere Business Events, part of an SQL statement that is used to retrieve data from a data source for a field in an intermediate object.

mapping

1. The process of transforming data from one format to another.

2. A target value expression.

3. The relationship between fields in different abstractions of event and action objects.

4. The act of developing and maintaining a map.

mapping cardinality

The granularity of the way that message elements are mapped from message source to message target. For example, one source element to one target element, or many source elements to one target element.

mapping specialist

The person responsible for creating data transformation maps, validation maps, and functional acknowledgment maps using the Data Interchange Services client.

marker bar

The gray border at the left of the editor area of the workbench, where bookmarks and breakpoints are shown.

marshal

To convert an object into a data stream for transmission over a network.

master configuration

The configuration data held in a set of files that form the master repository for either a deployment manager profile or a stand-alone profile. For a deployment manager profile, the master configuration stores the configuration data for all the nodes in the network deployment cell.

maximum transmission unit

The largest possible unit of data that can be sent on a given physical medium in a single frame. For example, the maximum transmission unit for Ethernet is 1500 bytes.

maximum use

A number indicating the maximum number of times a compound or simple element can repeat.

MBean

MBean provider

A library containing an implementation of a Java Management Extensions (JMX) MBean and its MBean Extensible Markup Language (XML) descriptor file.

MD5

A type of message algorithm that converts a message of arbitrary length into a 128-bit message digest. This algorithm is used for digital signature applications where a large message must be compressed in a secure manner.

measure

A metric combined with an aggregation type such as average, count, maximum, minimum, sum, or average.

Media Access Control

In networking, the lower of two sublayers of the Open Systems Interconnection model data link layer. The MAC sublayer handles access to shared media, such as whether token passing or contention will be used.

mediation

An application of service interaction logic to messages flowing between service requesters and providers.

mediation flow

A sequence of processing steps, or mediation primitives, that run to produce the mediation when a message is received. See also message flow.

mediation flow component

A component that contains one or more mediation primitives arranged into request and response flows. Rather than performing business functions, mediation flow components are concerned with the flow of messages.

mediation framework

A mechanism that supports creation of mediation flows through the composition of mediation primitives.

mediation module

An SCA module that includes a mediation flow component and primarily enables communication between applications by changing the format, content, or target of service requests.

mediation policy

A policy that is held in a registry and is applied to a Service Component Architecture (SCA) module. The mediation policy enables mediation flows, which are in the module, to be configured at run time by using dynamic properties.

mediation policy attachment

An attachment that is a prerequisite for using the mediation policy and gate conditions on the mediation policy.

mediation primitive

The building blocks of mediation flow components.

mediation service

A service that intercepts and modifies messages that are passed between client services (requesters) and provider services.

mediation subflow

A preconfigured set of mediation primitives that are wired together to create a common pattern or use case. Mediation subflows run in the context of a parent flow, and can be reused in mediation flows or in subflows.

meet-in-the-middle mapping

An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables in which enterprise beans and database schema are created simultaneously but independently.

membership

The state of being a portal user and a place member. Membership in the portal is controlled by the administrator during the installation and set up of portal servers. Membership in places is controlled by a place manager, who determines the level of access for each place member: participant, place designer, or place manager.

membership policy

A subexpression that is evaluated against the nodes in a cell to determine which nodes host dynamic cluster instances.

memory leak

The effect of a program that maintains references to objects that are no longer required and therefore need to be reclaimed.

merge

A process element that recombines multiple processing paths, usually after a decision. A merge brings several alternative paths together.

MERVA for ESA

An IBM licensed program that is a message queuing and routing system that allows a financial institution to process all kinds of financial messages. Access to the SWIFT Transport Network (STN) is included as a standard communication link.

message

A set of data that is passed from one application to another. A message can be modeled by a message definition, which describes the structure and content of the message. Messages must have a structure and format that is agreed by the sending and receiving applications. See also category.

message body

The part of the message that contains the message payload. See also message header.

message broker

See broker.

Message Broker Toolkit

A component that includes Rational components and is based on the Eclipse platform. This component provides the workbench development environment.

message category

A group of messages that are logically related within an application.

message channel

In distributed message queuing, a mechanism for moving messages from one queue manager to another. A message channel comprises two message channel agents (a sender at one end and a receiver at the other end) and a communication link.

message definition

A logical description of a message. A message definition is a structured collection of simple elements.

message definition file

A file that contains the messages, elements, types, and groups that make up a message set.

message dictionary

A data structure that describes all the messages in a message set in a form suitable for deployment to a broker.

message digest

A hash value or a string of bits resulting from the conversion of processing data to a number.

message domain

A grouping of messages that share certain characteristics. A message domain has an associated parser that interprets messages that are received and generated by a broker. WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker supports messages in the BLOB domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, and XML domain. User-defined parsers can be used to support messages that do not conform to the supported domains.

message-driven bean

An enterprise bean that provides asynchronous message support and clearly separates message and business processing.

message element aggregation

A mapping in which all the repeatable elements in one instance are mapped to another instance. It is not possible to map the repeatable elements themselves, only the instances. This aggregation is useful when mapping all possible inputs to one or more outputs, and can be used for copying an array, or for assigning a scalar, such as a summation.

message file

A file containing messages sent in bulk through a message bulking service.

message flow

A sequence of processing steps that execute in the broker when an input message is received. Message flows are defined in the workbench by including a number of message flow nodes, each of which represents a set of actions that define a processing step. The connections in the flow determine which processing steps are carried out, in which order, and under which conditions. See also message broker, subflow, mediation flow.

message flow node

A processing step in a message flow. A message flow node can be either a built-in node, a user-defined node, or a subflow node. See also node.

message flow node connection

An entity that connects the output terminal of one message flow node to the input terminal of another. A message flow node connection represents the flow of control and data between two message flow nodes.

Message Format Service

An editing facility that allows application programs to deal with simple logical messages instead of device-dependent data, thus simplifying the application development process.

Message Format Service control block

In MFS, the representation of a message or format that is stored in the IMS.FORMAT library and called into the MFS buffer pool as needed for online execution.

message header

The part of a message that specifies the sender and receiver of the message, the message priority, and the type of message. See also message body.

message input descriptor

The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes the format of the data presented to the application program. See also message output descriptor.

message log

A file in which an application logs messages about errors that occur or metadata about the message.

message model

A definition of a message format that is used by applications. Message models are defined in the workbench.

message output descriptor

The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes the format of the output data produced by the application program. See also message input descriptor.

message parser

A program that interprets the bit stream of an incoming message and creates an internal representation of the message in a tree structure, and that regenerates a bit stream for an outgoing message from the internal representation.

message processing node

1. A node in a message flow that represents a processing step. A message processing node can be either a primitive or a subflow node.

See message flow node.

message processing unit

A message processing unit is used to correlate information within a message, for example reason or completion information, and a message text.

message queue

A named destination to which messages can be sent until they are retrieved by programs that service the queue.

Message Queue Interface

The programming interface provided by WebSphere MQ queue managers. The programming interface allows application programs to access message queuing services. See also Application Messaging Interface, Java Message Service.

Message Reception Registry

The registry where SWIFT stores the central routing rules. Each receiver defines its own rules and submits them to SWIFT. SWIFT uses these rules to determine the destination of message traffic, that is, to which store and forward queue or to which SWIFTNet Link it is to route each message.

message reference number

A unique 16-digit number assigned to each message for identification purposes. The message reference number consists of an 8-digit domain identifier that is followed by an 8-digit sequence number.

message sequence number

A sequence number for messages.

message set

A container for a logical grouping of messages and associated message resources (elements, types, and groups). It provides a business context for a set of messages.

message set project

A specialized container for the resources associated with one message set.

message template

A named and managed entity that represents the format of a particular message. Message templates represent a business asset of an organization.

message transport driver

A component of the IBM WebSphere business integration system that interacts with the underlying transport protocol to exchange data between InterChange Server and connectors.

message tree

The logical tree structure that represents the content and structure of a message in the broker. The message tree is created by a message parser from the input message received by a message flow.

message type

The logical structure of the data within a message. For example, the number and location of character strings.

Message Warehouse table

A table in which the Message Warehouse service stores index and status information about each message processed by services.

messaging engine

A messaging and connection point to which applications connect to the bus.

metadata

Data that describes the characteristics of data; descriptive data. See also application-specific business object, application-specific information, business object definition.

metadata-driven connector

A connector that uses the metadata in its business objects to interact with an application (such as Ariba Buyer) or a data source (such as a Web servlet). A metadata-driven connector handles each of its supported business objects based on the metadata encoded in the business object definition rather than on instructions hard-coded into the connector.

metadata tree

A list in a tree structure, which is prepared and displayed by the external service wizard, that presents all of the objects discovered from the enterprise information system (EIS).

meta search

A search across one or more search engines. A meta search engine provides a meaningful subset of search functionality through an abstraction layer that is generic enough to support a wide variety of search services.

method

In object-oriented programming, an operation that an object can perform. An object can have many methods. See also operation.

method extension

An IBM extension to the standard deployment descriptors for enterprise beans that define transaction isolation methods and control the delegation of credentials.

method permission

A mapping between one or more security roles and one or more methods that a member of a role can call.

metric

A holder for information, usually a business performance measurement, in a monitoring context.

MFS control block

middleware agent

An agent that enables the administrative domain to manage servers that run middleware software.

middleware descriptor

An XML file that contains information about different middleware platform types, including discovery sensor intervals and installation information.

middleware node

A node that is federated to the deployment manager. These nodes must include nodes that run the node agent or middleware agent.

MIME domain

The message domain that includes all messages that conform to the MIME standard. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

MIME parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the MIME domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output.

minimum transaction level

The level of transaction services required for executing collaboration objects. Specified as a property of a collaboration template during its development, and of a collaboration object during its configuration, the transaction level for a collaboration object cannot be lower than the level specified in its template. See also compensation, transaction level, transactional collaboration.

model

A representation of a process, system, or subject area, usually developed for understanding, analyzing, improving, and replacing the item being represented. A model can include a representation of information, activities, relationships, and constraints.

modeled fault

A fault message that is returned from a service that has been modeled on the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) port type.

model view controller

A software architecture that separates the components of the application: the model represents the business logic or data; the view represents the user interface; and the controller manages user input or, in some cases, the application flow.

module

1. A program unit that is discrete and identifiable with respect to compiling, combining with other units, and loading.

2. In Java EE programming, a software unit that consists of one or more components of the same container type and one deployment descriptor of that type. Examples include EJB, Web, and application client modules. (Sun)

See also project.

3. A software artifact that is used for developing, managing versions, organizing resources, and deploying to the runtime environment.

monitor

1. A facility of the integration test client that listens for requests and responses that flow over the component wires or exports in the modules of a test configuration.

2. In performance profiling, to collect data about an application from the running agents that are associated with that application.

monitor details model

A container for monitoring contexts and their associated metrics, keys, counters, stopwatches, triggers, and inbound and outbound events. The monitor details model holds most of the monitor model information.

monitored directory

The directory where the rapid deployment tools detect added or changed parts and produce an application that can run on the application server. See also automatic application installation project, free-form project.

monitoring context

A definition that corresponds to an object to be monitored, such as a process execution, an ATM, a purchase order, or the stock level in a warehouse. At run time, monitoring contexts process the events for a particular object.

monitor model

A model that describes the business performance management aspects of a business model, including events, business metrics, and key performance indicators (KPIs) that are required for real-time business monitoring.

mount point

A logical drive through which volumes are accessed in a sequential access device class. For removable media device types, such as cartridges, a mount point is a logical drive associated with a physical drive. For the file device type, a mount point is a logical drive associated with an I/O stream.

MQRFH

An architected message header that is used to provide metadata for the processing of a message. This header is supported by MQSeries Publish/Subscribe SupportPac.

MQRFH2

An extended version of MQRFH, providing enhanced function in message processing.

MRM domain

The message domain that includes all messages that are modeled in the workbench. Message models can be created to represent a wide range of message types, with one or more optional physical formats. Messages in this domain are processed by the MRM parser. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

MRM parser

A program that interprets a bit stream or tree that represents a message that belongs to the MRM domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or bit stream from the tree on output. Its interpretation depends on the physical format that you have associated with the input or output message.

multidimensional analysis

The process of assessing and evaluating an enterprise on more than one level.

multilevel wildcard

A wildcard that can be specified in subscriptions to match any number of levels in a topic.

multipart message

A message that contains one or more other messages within its structure. The contained message is sometimes referred to as an embedded message.

multiple configuration instances

More than one instance of a product running in the same machine at the same time.

multiple-occurrence mapping

A form of mapping in which all occurrences of a repeating compound or simple element are mapped to the same repeating compound or simple element in another document.

multiprocess multithread

A process architecture of the IBM HTTP Server that supports multiple processes as well as multiple threads per process.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

An Internet standard that allows different forms of data, including video, audio, or binary data, to be attached to e-mail without requiring translation into ASCII text.

N

named constant

A descriptive name that is given to a value and can be used in a filter in place of a value.

namespace

1. In XML and XQuery, a uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides a unique name to associate with the element, attribute, and type definitions in an XML schema or with the names of elements, attributes, types, functions, and errors in XQuery expressions.

2. A logical container in which all the names are unique. The unique identifier for an artifact is composed of the namespace and the local name of the artifact.

namespace object

A Data Interchange Services object that contains information about an XML namespace and assists the translator in being namespace aware when translating a source document to an XML document.

naming

An operation that is used to obtain references to objects that are related to applications.

naming context

A logical namespace containing name and object bindings.

naming federation

The process of binding naming systems so that the aggregate system can process composite names that span the naming systems.

naming service

An implementation of the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) standard.

native

Pertaining to the relationship between a transport user and a transport provider that are both based on the same transport protocol.

native start endpoint

A server platform on which native start jobs can run as part of a grid job. See also grid job, native start job.

native start job

A program that can run as a background command on UNIX or Windows systems. Native start jobs can run across multiple programming and component models. Native applications can be implemented in Java, native-compiled languages, such as C++ and COBOL, and scripts. See also native start endpoint.

navigation bar

A set of links to other Web pages in a Web site. For example, navigation bars are usually located across the top or down the side of a page and contain direct links to the major sections within the Web site.

net present value

The estimated monetary value of an investment based on expected returns and expected costs, where these expected returns and expenses are discounted by a rate that reflects inflation and opportunity costs.

network access server

A device that functions as an access control point for users in remote locations who connect to an internal network or to an ISP. A NAS might include its own authentication services or rely on a separate authentication server. A NAS can be a dedicated server or a software service within a regular server.

network acknowledgment

A response from the network indicating the status of an interchange envelope, such as sent or received.

network address translation

The conversion of a network address that is assigned to a logical unit in one network into an address in an adjacent network.

network deployment cell

A logical group of servers, on one or more machines, managed by a single deployment manager.

Network File System

A protocol, developed by Sun Microsystems, Incorporated, that allows a computer to access files over a network as if they were on its local disks.

network identifier

A single character that is placed before a message type to indicate which network is to be used to send the message; for example, S for SWIFT.

network protocol stack

A set of network protocol layers and software that work together to process the protocols.

Network Time Protocol

A protocol that synchronizes the clocks of computers in a network.

News Industry Text Format

An XML-based format that defines the structure and content of news articles.

News Markup Language

An XML-based format for publishing news-related information.

node

1. In XML, the smallest unit of valid, complete structure in a document.

2. A logical grouping of managed servers.

See also managed node.

3. An endpoint or junction used in a message flow.

See also message flow node.

4. An element in a message mapping tree.

5. The fundamental shapes that make up a diagram.

6. Any item on a tree control, including a simple element, compound element, mapping command, comment, or group node.

node agent

An administrative agent that manages all application servers on a node and represents the node in the management cell.

node federation

The process of combining the managed resources of one node into a distributed network such that the central manager application can access and administer the resources on the node.

node group

A collection of application server nodes that defines a boundary for server cluster formation.

node name

The machine name or host name that must be unique.

nonce

A unique cryptographic number that is embedded in a message to help detect a replay attack.

nonrepudiation

In business-to-business communication the ability of the recipient to prove who sent a message based on the contents of the message. This can derive from the use of a digital signature on the message, which links the sender to the message.

nonrepudiation data repository

The repository in which copies of documents (and authentication information for signed documents) are stored in case disputes arise regarding the authenticity of document exchanges.

normal transition link

In a collaboration template's activity diagram, the line that represents the path between a successfully executed node for an action, subactivity, or iterator and the next node. See also exception transition link, transition link.

notation

An XML construct that contains a note, a comment or an explanation about information in an XML file. A notation can be used to associate a binary description with an entity or attribute.

notification

1. An occurrence within a process that can trigger an action. Notifications can be used to model conditions of interest to be transmitted from a sender to a (usually unknown) set of interested parties (the receivers).

2. A message that contains the event descriptions that are sent to managed resources, Web services and other resources.

notification broadcaster

An element that is responsible for publishing notifications. Notification receivers listen for these notifications.

notification receiver

An element that listens for and receives notifications. By default, this element starts listening when its owning process starts.

numeric constant

The actual numeric value to be used in processing, instead of the name of a field containing the data. A numeric constant can contain any of the numeric digits 0 through 9, a sign (plus or minus), and a decimal point.

O

object

1. In object-oriented design or programming, a concrete realization (instance) of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data. An object contains the instance data that is defined by the class, but the class owns the operations that are associated with the data.

2. An abstract representation of the fields in an event or action definition.

object adapter

In Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), the primary interface that a server implementation uses to access Object Request Broker (ORB) functions.

ObjectGrid

A grid-enabled, memory database for applications that are written in Java. ObjectGrid can be used as an in-memory database or to distribute data across a network.

object-oriented programming

A programming approach based on the concepts of data abstraction and inheritance. Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-oriented programming concentrates not on how something is accomplished but instead on what data objects comprise the problem and how they are manipulated.

object reference

In Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), the information needed to reliably identify a particular object.

Object Request Broker

In object-oriented programming, software that serves as an intermediary by transparently enabling objects to exchange requests and responses.

observer

A task that watches a process and its associated repositories, and produces output when a certain condition becomes true (for example, a threshold value has been reached).

ODBC definition

In WebSphere Business Events, the configuration of WebSphere Business Events:Design Data to connect to data sources.

on-demand configuration

A component that detects and dynamically configures routing rules, which tell the on demand router (ODR) how to route requests.

on demand router

A proxy server that is the point of entry into the product environment and is a gateway through which prioritized HTTP requests and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) messages flow to the middleware servers in the environment.

one-way hash

An algorithm that converts processing data into a string of bits; known as a hash value or a message digest.

one-way interaction

A type of messaging interaction in which a request message is used to request function without a reply.

online analytical processing

The process of collecting data from one or many sources; transforming and analyzing the consolidated data quickly and interactively; and examining the results across different dimensions of the data by looking for patterns, trends, and exceptions within complex relationships of that data.

ontology

An explicit formal specification of the representation of the objects, concepts, and other entities that can exist in some area of interest and the relationships among them. See also Web Ontology Language.

open content syndication channel

An XML-based format for syndicated content.

Open Database Connectivity

A standard application programming interface (API) for accessing data in both relational and nonrelational database management systems. Using this API, database applications can access data stored in database management systems on a variety of computers even if each database management system uses a different data storage format and programming interface. See also Java Database Connectivity.

Open Mobile Alliance

An industry forum for developing interoperable mobile service enablers.

open relationship

A relationship on an object that no longer points to a second object because the second object has been deleted.

Open Servlet Engine

A lightweight communications protocol developed by IBM for interprocess communication.

open source

Pertaining to software whose source code is publicly available for use or modification. Open source software is usually developed as a public collaboration and made freely available, although its use and redistribution might be subject to licensing restrictions. Linux is a well known example of open source software.

Open Transaction Manager Access

A component of IMS that implements a transaction-based, connectionless client/server protocol in an MVS sysplex environment. The domain of the protocol is restricted to the domain of the MVS Cross-System Coupling Facility (XCF). OTMA connects clients to servers so that the client can support a large network (or a large number of sessions) while maintaining high performance. See also IMS connect.

operation

An implementation of functions or queries that an object might be called to perform. See also method.

operation mapping

An interface map in which operations of the source interface are mapped to operations of the target interface.

operation mode

A property of a broker that determines what operations it can perform. The operation mode corresponds to the license the user has purchased.

optimal asymmetric encryption padding

In cryptography, a padding scheme that is often used with RSA encryption.

option

A parameter that determines how a message is to be processed.

option set

A named group of options and their settings that can be specified in a request or in another option set, thereby eliminating the need to specify each option individually.

organization

An entity where people cooperate to accomplish specified objectives, such as an enterprise, a company, or a factory.

organizational unit

A body whose data is to be kept separate from that of other, similar bodies. WebSphere BI for FN uses OUs to control access to resources, and to ensure data segregation. Typically, OUs are used to represent different financial institutions, or different departments within a financial institution.

organization unit

A particular occurrence or example of an organization definition. For an organization definition called Department, an example of an organization unit would be Sales and Marketing.

outbound authentication

The configuration that determines the type of accepted authentication for outbound requests.

outbound document

outbound event

An event emitted from a monitoring context or from a KPI context.

outbound map

A map that transforms an application-specific business object into a generic business object.

outbound port

The mechanism through which an outbound service communicates with the externally-hosted Web service. Messages pass between the outbound service and the external service through the appropriate port.

outbound processing

The process by which a calling client application uses the adapter to update or retrieve data in an enterprise information system (EIS). The adapter uses operations such as create, update, delete, and retrieve to process the request.

outbound service

The service that provides access through one or more outbound ports to a Web service that is hosted externally.

Outgoing Application Message Store

A message store in which messages sent by local applications (ISN messages) and their acknowledgement messages (ISN ACKs) are stored.

output

An exit point through which an element can notify downstream elements that they can now start.

output activity

The end point of the business process.

output branch

The area of a decision, fork, join, or merge that contains the outputs.

output criteria

Number and types of outputs required to be produced by a task or process.

output node

A message flow node that represents a point at which messages leave the message flow or subflow. See also input node.

output screen

A screen that a user navigates to based on data entry and keystrokes in a 3270 application. In the 3270 terminal service recorder, the access route from one screen to another can be recorded and saved in a dialog file.

output terminal node

A primitive through which a message is propagated by a subflow. Each output terminal node is represented as an output terminal of the corresponding subflow node.

P

package

1. In Java programming, a group of types. Packages are declared with the package keyword. (Sun)

2. The wrapper around the document content that defines the format used to transmit a document over the Internet, for example, RNIF, AS1, and AS2.

3. To assemble components into modules and modules into enterprise applications.

package group

A group of one or more packages that are designed to work together and can be installed to one directory.

page

A node in a portal that can contain content in addition to labels and other pages. Pages can contain child nodes, column containers, row containers, and portlets.

page list

An assembly property that specifies the location to forward a request, but automatically tailors that location, depending on the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions(MIME) type of the servlet.

page template

In Page Designer, a page that is used as a starting point to define consistent styles and layout for any new HTML or JavaServer Pages (JSP) page within a Web site.

palette

A range of graphically displayed choices, such as colors or collections of tools, that can be selected in an application.

parallel garbage collection

A type of garbage collection that uses several threads simultaneously.

parameter

A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program that serves as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by a user or by another program or process.

parameter mapping

An interface map that is one level deeper than operation mappings because it maps the parameters in the source operation to the parameters in the target operation. There are five types of parameter mappings: move, map, extract, Java, and assign.

parent document

A document whose values are inherited by another document (the child document).

parm

parse

To break down a string of information, such as a command or file, into its constituent parts.

parser

A module used to break down a document into its component parts and to construct a document from its component parts.

participant

A member of a portal place who can visit and use the place. By default, all portal users are participants in public places. See also place designer, place manager.

participant definition

A component of a relationship definition that describes an entity that participates in the relationship. This entity is either attributes in a business object or simple data. Participant definitions are stored in the repository.

participant instance

The runtime instantiation of a participant. The participant definition is a template for the participant instance.

participant type

A specification of the kind of data associated with instances of the participant. The participant type is either a business object or a simple data type (Data).

partitioned data set

A data set on direct access storage that is divided into partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part of a program, or data. See also component PDSE.

partitioned data set extended

A system-managed data set that contains an indexed directory and members that are similar to the directory and members of partitioned data sets (PDSs). See also library.

partitioning facility

A programming framework and a system management infrastructure that supports the concept of partitioning for enterprise beans, HTTP traffic, and database access.

partner connection

An interaction that has been associated with specific sending and receiving partners, and also specifies the destinations and other routing information necessary for an exchange.

partner profile

A profile that includes information about the partner such as its name, its business identifier, such as a DUNS number, and a list of user IDs authorized to access the Community Console. See also Data Universal Numbering System.

part reference

An object that is used by a configuration to reference other related configuration objects.

passivation

In enterprise beans, the process of transferring an enterprise bean from memory to secondary storage. (Sun) See also activation.

PassTicket

In RACF secured sign-on, a dynamically generated, random, one-time-use, password substitute that a workstation or other client can use to sign on to the host rather than sending a RACF password across the network.

path

1. The route through a file system to a specific file.

2. A route that the flow can take through the activities in a process. There may be several alternative paths.

path qualified mapping

A form of mapping in which all occurrences of a repeating compound or simple element are mapped to the same repeating compound or simple element in another document.

pattern

A reusable description of the design and architecture, which is used to satisfy defined criteria.

payload

The body of the message that holds the content.

peer access point

A means by which core groups can communicate with other cells.

people assignment criterion

A property that defines the members of each of the role groups.

people awareness

The collaboration feature that provides access to people from various contexts. People awareness lets you see references to people and contact people by name through the Sametime online status indicator. Throughout the portal, wherever you see the name of a person, you can view the person's online status, send e-mail, initiate a chat, or share an application via an electronic meeting. See also person link.

Performance Monitoring Infrastructure

A set of packages and libraries assigned to gather, deliver, process, and display performance data.

Perl-compatible regular expression

A regular expression C library that is much richer than classic regular expression libraries. See also regular expression.

permission

Authorization to perform activities, such as reading and writing local files, creating network connections, and loading native code.

persist

To be maintained across session boundaries, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database system or a directory.

persistence

1. A characteristic of data that is maintained across session boundaries, or of an object that continues to exist after the execution of the program or process that created it, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database system.

2. In Java EE, the protocol for transferring the state of an entity bean between its instance variables and an underlying database. (Sun)

persistent data store

A nonvolatile storage for event data, such as a database system, that is maintained across session boundaries and that continues to exist after the execution of the program or process that created it.

person

An individual authenticated by the portal and having a person record in one or more corporate directories. Persons can be members of places, public groups within the organization's corporate directory, or personal groups that a user defines. See also personal group, public group.

personal group

In Sametime Connect, a group of people designated by the user as a group. A user can choose individuals from the public Directory (public group) and create personal groups, which are then stored locally. Users can add and remove people from a personal group, whereas the membership of the public group is defined by the owner of the public Directory. See also public group.

personalization

The process of enabling information to be targeted to specific users based on business rules and user profile information.

person link

A reference to a person's name or a group name that appears with the Sametime online status indicator. The reference lets you view the person's online status, send an e-mail, start a chat, or share an application using an electronic meeting, among other actions shown on the person link menu. See also people awareness.

perspective

A group of views that show various aspects of the resources in the workbench.

pervasive computing

The use of a computing infrastructure that supports information appliances from which users can access a broad range of network-based services, including Internet-based e-commerce services.

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

A widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.

physical format

The physical representation of a message within the bit stream. The supported physical formats are Custom Wire Format, XML Wire Format, and Tagged/Delimited String Format.

pivot table

A table characterized by having one metric as a column dimension and all the rest of the metrics represented as row dimensions.

place designer

A member of a place who can edit place layout and bookmarks. See also participant, place manager.

placeholder

A variable that is replaced with a value.

place manager

A member of a place who can edit place membership, layout, and bookmarks. See also participant, place designer.

place member

A individual or group who has joined or been granted access to a place. Place members have three levels of access to a place: manager, designer, and participant.

place template

A format for use in creating a place. The portal provides a set of default templates for creating various types of places. Portal administrators may allow users to create, modify, and delete new templates.

plug-in

A separately installable software module that adds function to an existing program, application, or interface.

point-to-point

Pertaining to a style of messaging application in which the sending application knows the destination of the message.

policy

A set of considerations that influence the behavior of a managed resource or a user. See also policy expression.

policy administration point

A capability that provides enterprise service-oriented architecture (SOA) policy administration capabilities, such as policy creation, modification, storage, and distribution.

policy-controlled mediation

A mediation that has dynamic properties that are controlled by mediation policies.

policy decision point

A capability that decides, based on environmental conditions, which predefined policies in the environment should be enforced. For example, a policy decision point might use a requester's identity to determine whether to limit access to a resource.

policy enforcement point

A capability that enforces policy decsions maybe by a policy decision point. For example, a policy enforcement point would permit or deny a requester access to a resource depending on what the policy decision point determined is the correct action.

policy expression

A representation of a policy. See also policy.

policy set

A collection of assertions about how services are defined, which can be used to simplify security configurations.

port

1. As defined in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document, a single endpoint that is defined as a combination of a binding and a network address.

2. The interface between a collaboration and other objects in the WebSphere business integration system. It is through a port that a collaboration object binds with a connector or with another collaboration object.

See also binding.

portal

A single, secure point of access to diverse information, applications, and people that can be customized and personalized.

Portal Administration

The place where portal administrators set and maintain basic collaboration permissions, place records, place membership records, and server settings for companion products for advanced collaboration.

portal member

An individual or group who has a user record in the portal directory (LDAP or other directory) and can log in to the portal.

port destination

The specialization of a service integration bus destination. Each port destination represents a particular message format and transport protocol that you can use to pass messages to an externally-hosted service.

portlet

A reusable Web module that runs on a portal server. Portlets have predefined roles such as retrieving news headlines, searching a database, or displaying a calendar.

portlet API

The set of interfaces and methods that are used by Java programs running within the portal server environment to obtain services.

portlet application

A collection of related portlets that can share resources with one another.

portlet container

A column or row that is used to arrange the layout of a portlet or other container on a page.

portlet control

A portlet registry setting that renders the outer frame for a portlet.

portlet framework

The set of classes and interfaces that support Java programs running within the portal server environment.

portlet mode

A form assumed by a portlet to provide a distinctive interface for users to perform different tasks. Portlet modes can include view, edit, and help.

port matching

The process by which InterChange Server determines at runtime whether to isolate the currently running events. In its analysis, the server checks whether, among any of the collaborations, the ports are bound to the same set of connectors. If ports are bound to the same set of connectors, the server checks whether the ports bound to the same connector have the same business object type. If they do, the ports are considered to match and event isolation is required. See also event isolation.

port number

In Internet communications, the identifier for a logical connector between an application entity and the transport service.

port type

An element in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document that comprises a set of abstract operations, each of which refers to input and output messages that are supported by the Web service. See also interface.

possible duplicate flow

A flow that might have been received by the collaboration.

POST

In HTTP, a parameter on the METHOD attribute of the FORM tag that specifies that a browser will send form data to a server in an HTTP transaction separate from that of the associated URL.

postcondition

A constraint that must be true at the completion of an operation.

precondition

A definition of what must be true when a task or process starts.

predefined element

An element for which a matching definition exists in the message model with an appropriate set of properties and in the correct context. See also predefined message, self-defining element.

predefined message

A message for which a matching definition exists in the message model with an appropriate set of properties and in the correct context. See also self-defining message, predefined element.

predicate

A Boolean logic term denoting a logical expression that determines the state of a variable.

presumed trust

A type of identity assertion where trust is presumed and additional trust validation is not performed. Use this mode only in an environment where trust is established with some other mechanism.

primary key

1. In a relational database, a key that uniquely identifies one row of a database table.

See also constraint, foreign key.

2. An object that uniquely identifies an entity bean of a particular type.

primary server

The server on which all resources that are to be deployed exactly once per instance or once per organization unit (OU) are deployed.

primitive

A message processing node that cannot be further subdivided. See also subflow node.

primitive type

In Java, a category of data type that describes a variable that contains a single value of the appropriate size and format for its type: a number, a character, or a Boolean value. Examples of primitive types include byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.

principal

An entity that can communicate securely with another entity. A principal is identified by its associated security context, which defines its access rights.

privacy enhanced mail

A standard for secure email on the Internet.

private business object

1. In XSD, a business object attribute that defines an anonymous complex type instead of referencing a named complex type.

2. A business object that is contained within other business objects. Private business objects are visible only to the containing business object, thereby making them private.

See also business object.

private key

In secure communication, an algorithmic pattern used to encrypt messages that only the corresponding public key can decrypt. The private key is also used to decrypt messages that were encrypted by the corresponding public key. The private key is kept on the user's system and is protected by a password. See also key, public key.

private service bundle

A service bundle that is not explicitly mentioned in the customization definition document (CDD), but that is included in a service bundle set and provides resources required by another service bundle. In a customization definition report, private service bundles are listed, and their names are followed by the string [private].

probe

A reusable set of Java code fragments and supporting attributes for collecting detailed runtime information about objects, arguments, and exceptions. See also Probekit.

Probekit

A scriptable framework for doing byte-code insertion to probe the workings of a target program. See also probe.

process

1. A progressively continuing procedure consisting of a series of controlled activities that are systematically directed toward a particular result or end.

2. The sequence of documents or messages to be exchanged between the Community Managers and participants to run a business transaction.

process case

A possible path through a process, identified by a unique set of process decision outcomes and possibly determined by attributes and values of incoming data.

process definition

A specification of the runtime characteristics of an application server process.

Process Designer

A modeling and code-generation tool with which you create and edit collaboration templates to define their business processes and configurable properties.

process diagram

A diagram that represents the flow of work for a process. The objects within a process diagram include tasks, processes, connections, business items, resources, and decisions.

process flow

The representation of interdependencies between activities in a structured format.

process instance

A manifestation of a modeled process that is created in a simulated or real environment.

process model

A representation of a real-time business process. A business process model is composed of the individual steps or activities that make up the process, contains the conditions that dictate when the steps or activities occur, and identifies the resources that are required to run the business process.

process module

A program unit that contains a set of process templates that support administrative tasks.

profile

Data that describes the characteristics of a user, group, resource, program, device, or remote location.

programmatic emulator

An emulator that uses a Java or visual snippet to automatically specify response values for an emulated component or reference at run time. See also manual emulator, emulator.

programmatic login

A type of form login that supports application presentation site-specific login forms for the purpose of authentication.

programmatic security

A collection of methods used by applications when declarative security is not sufficient to express the security model of the application.

program temporary fix

For System i, System p, and System z products, a fix that is tested by IBM and is made available to all customers. See also fix pack.

project

An organized collection used to group folders or packages. Projects are used for building, version management, sharing, and organizing resources related to a single work effort. See also module, library.

project versioning

The component that interacts with a CVS or Rational ClearCase server to share and create version projects and project data.

promoted property

A property of a mediation module made visible by the solution integrator to the runtime administrator, so that its value can be changed at run time.

prompt

A component of an action that indicates that user input is required for a field before making a transition to an output screen.

property

1. A characteristic of an object that describes the object. A property can be changed or modified. Properties can describe an object's name, type, value, or behavior, among other things.

2. Any configurable information about a WebSphere business integration component. A component typically has properties that are common to all components of that type (for example, standard connector properties) as well as properties that are specific to that component (for example, connector-specific properties).

See also business object property, collaboration property, standard property.

protocol binding

A binding that enables the enterprise service bus to process messages independently of the communication protocol.

protocol handler

In the WebSphere business integration system, protocol handlers receive and send messages in specific communication protocols--such as HTTP and HTTPS--and call data handlers to extract the data contained in the messages.

proxy

An application gateway from one network to another for a specific network application such as Telnet or FTP, for example, where a firewall's proxy Telnet server performs authentication of the user and then lets the traffic flow through the proxy as if it were not there. Function is performed in the firewall and not in the client workstation, causing more load in the firewall.

proxy cluster

A group of proxy servers that distributes HTTP requests across the cluster.

proxy peer access point

A means of identifying the communication settings for a peer access point that cannot be accessed directly.

proxy server

1. A server that receives requests intended for another server and that acts on the client's behalf (as the client's proxy) to obtain the requested service. A proxy server is often used when the client and the server are incompatible for direct connection. For example, the client is unable to meet the security authentication requirements of the server but should be permitted some services.

2. A server that acts as an intermediary for HTTP Web requests that are hosted by an application or a Web server. A proxy server acts as a surrogate for the content servers in the enterprise.

pseudo attribute

An attribute that cannot have a value, and is used to indicate a binary state, such as yes/no or on/off. For example, the attribute local might be present for some resources and absent for others, indicating whether the resource is local. Pseudo attributes are especially useful for implementing access rights, such as read, update, or delete. See also real attribute.

public

1. In object-oriented programming, pertaining to a class member that is accessible to all classes.

2. In the Java programming language, pertains to a method or variable that can be accessed by elements residing in other classes. (Sun)

publication

A piece of information about a specified topic that is available to a broker in a publish/subscribe system.

publication node

An end point of a specific path through a message flow to which a client application subscribes, identified to the client by its subscription point.

public group

A group of individuals, known to all portal users, that the administrator has created or that exists in the organization's corporate directory. Only administrators can modify and manage public groups. See also personal group, person.

public key

In secure communication, an algorithmic pattern used to decrypt messages that were encrypted by the corresponding private key. A public key is also used to encrypt messages that can be decrypted only by the corresponding private key. Users broadcast their public keys to everyone with whom they must exchange encrypted messages. See also key, private key.

public key algorithm

An algorithm designed so that the key used for encryption is different from the key used for decryption. The decryption key cannot be derived, at least not in any reasonable amount of time, from the encryption key.

public key cryptography

A cryptography system that uses two keys: a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of the message. The public and private keys are related in such a way that only the public key can be used to encrypt messages and only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt them.

Public Key Cryptography Standards

A set of industry-standard protocols used for secure information exchange on the Internet. Domino Certificate Authority and Server Certificate Administration applications can accept certificates in PKCS format.

public key infrastructure

A system of digital certificates, certification authorities, and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in a network transaction. See also public key, SWIFTNet public key infrastructure.

public place

A shared place that is open to all portal users. The person who creates the place (and who automatically becomes the place manager) designates it as a public place during place creation. See also restricted place.

public switched telephone network

A communications common carrier network that provides voice and data communications services over switched lines.

publish

1. To make a Web site public, for example by putting files in a path known to the HTTP server.

2. In UDDI, to advertise a Web service so that other businesses can find it and bind with it. Service providers publish the availability of their services through a registry.

publish-and-subscribe interaction

A type of interaction used for moving information about application events into the WebSphere business integration system for processing. Collaborations subscribe to events, and connectors publish events to subscribed collaborations.

publisher

An application that makes information about a specified topic available to a broker in a publish/subscribe system.

publish/subscribe

A type of messaging interaction in which information, provided by publishing applications, is delivered by an infrastructure to all subscribing applications that have expressed interest in that type of information.

publish/subscribe topology

The brokers, the collectives, and the connections between them, that support publish/subscribe applications in the broker domain.

Q

qualifier

A simple element that gives another generic compound or simple element a specific meaning. Qualifiers are used in mapping single or multiple occurrences. A qualifier can also be used to denote the namespace used to interpret the second part of the name, usually referred to as the ID.

quality of service

A set of communication characteristics that an application requires. Quality of Service (QoS) defines a specific transmission priority, level of route reliability, and security level.

quartile analysis

A type of analysis that displays the value of the business measures boundaries at the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentiles of a frequency distribution divided into four parts, each containing a quarter of the population.

query

A reusable request for information about one or more model elements

queue

An object that holds messages for message queueing applications. A queue is owned and maintained by a queue manager.

queue destination

A service integration bus destination that is used for point-to-point messaging.

queue manager

A component of a message queuing system that provides queuing services to applications.

queuing network

A group of interconnected components.

quiesce

To end a process or shut down a system after allowing normal completion of active operations.

R

rapid deployment tool

One of a set of tools to rapidly develop and deploy J2EE artifacts on the server and package the J2EE artifacts into the deployed EAR file.

Rational Unified Process

A configurable software development process platform that is used to assign and manage tasks and responsibilities within a development organization.

real attribute

An attribute that must have a value. See also pseudo attribute.

realize

In the Web diagram editor, to associate a node with an actual resource by creating that resource or by editing the node's path so that it points to an existing resource. See also unrealized.

realm

A collection of resource managers that honor a common set of user credentials and authorizations.

realm name

The machine name of a user registry.

receiver

A component that accepts documents from external partners and from back end applications and stores them in a file system for the Document Manager to process. Specifically, it receives a document over a supported transport protocol, writes the document and metadata relating to the document to the shared file system, records any transport-specific data to the metadata file, and completes any transport-specific technical acknowledgment.

receiver bean

In extended messaging, a message-driven bean or a session bean. A message-driven bean is invoked when a message arrives at a JMS destination for which a listener is active. A session bean polls a JMS destination until a message arrives, gets the parsed message as an object, and can use methods to retrieve the message data.

recognition profile

In the 3270 Terminal Services tool, a list of the identifiers that uniquely identify the state of a screen, that is, the set of conditions that apply to the screen at the time the screen was imported from the host. Each screen state needs to be uniquely defined in its own recognition profile.

recognition table

In the 3270 terminal services development tool, the table that appears in the screen editor and provides a screen definition view and a recognition profile view of the screen that was imported.

record ID information object

A Data Interchange Services object that contains control information for ROD document definitions. It identifies the type of ROD document definition being used and where the record ID, if any, is located in the records associated with the document definition.

record oriented data

The type of document definition used to describe proprietary document formats. One of the supported document syntax types.

record oriented data dictionary

A logical grouping of related ROD document definition components.

record oriented data document definition

A description or layout of a proprietary document, comprising loops, records, structures, and fields.

record oriented data field

A single item of data, such as a purchase order number, in a record oriented data (ROD) document definition. A ROD field corresponds to an EDI data element in an EDI document definition.

record oriented data loop

A group of consecutive records and loops that repeat together in a ROD document definition.

record oriented data record

A group of logically related fields set up as a record in a ROD document definition.

record oriented data structure

A group of related fields in a ROD document definition, such as the fields making up the line item of an invoice. The record oriented data (ROD) structure corresponds to an EDI composite data element in an EDI document definition.

recurring wait time trigger

A trigger that is evaluated based on a period of time. For example, a recurring wait time trigger can be evaluated every 30 minutes and fire if it detects that a specific business situation has occurred.

recursion

A programming technique in which a program or routine calls itself to perform successive steps in an operation, with each step using the output of the preceding step.

reentrance

A situation where a thread of control attempts to enter a bean instance again.

refactor

To make changes across a set of artifacts without changing the behavior of the application or its relationships to other elements.

reference

Logical names defined in the application deployment descriptor that are used to locate external resources for enterprise applications. At deployment, the references are bound to the physical location of the resource in the target operational environment.

reference binding

A binding that maps a logical name (a reference) to a JNDI name.

referenced type

An object that is referred to by a source object. See also associated type.

reference-valued business object

A business object that contains data values only for its key attributes. See also foreign key attribute, full-valued business object.

referential integrity

1. The condition that exists when all intended references from data in one column of a table to data in another column of the same or a different table are valid.

2. In Extensible Markup Language (XML) tools, the condition that exists when all references to items in the XML schema editor or DTD editor are automatically cleaned up when the schema is detected or renamed.

refresh pack

A cumulative collection of fixes that contains new functions. See also fix pack, interim fix.

region

A contiguous area of virtual storage that has common characteristics and that can be shared between processes.

registered user

A portal user who has a user ID and password for logging in to a portal. See also anonymous user, authenticated user.

registry

A repository that contains access and configuration information for users, systems, hardware, and software.

regular expression

A set of characters, meta characters, and operators that define a string or group of strings in a search pattern. See also Perl-compatible regular expression.

relationship

An association between two or more data entities in the WebSphere business integration system. Most often, these entities are business objects. Relationships are used to transform data that is equivalent across business objects but is represented differently.

relationship definition

An entity that identifies each participant and specifies how the participants are related. Relationship definitions are stored in the repository.

Relationship Designer

A code-generation tool with which you create and edit relationship definitions to define identity and lookup relationships between attributes of source and destination business objects. Relationship Designer also allows you to create and edit participant definitions, which define the attributes that participate in the relationship.

relationship instance

The runtime instantiation of the relationship. The relationship definition is a template for the relationship instance.

relationship instance ID

An integer identifier that is unique for each relationship instance. The WebSphere business integration system assigns relationship instance IDs to relationship instances. This instance ID allows the WebSphere business integration system to correlate the participant values. In general, given any participant in a relationship, you can retrieve the data for any other participant in the relationship by specifying the relationship instance ID.

relationship management application

An application used to manage authorizations. Among other things, it converts bootstrap authorizations created by WebSphere BI for FN into the RMA authorizations required to satisfy FIN PV03.

Relationship Management Data Store

A set of database tables in which WebSphere BI for FN stores data about bootstrap and relationship management application (RMA) authorizations.

relationship manager

A tool for creating and manipulating relationship and role data at run time.

relationship role

In EJB programming, a traversal of the relationship between two entity beans in one direction or the other. Each relationship that is coded in the deployment descriptor defines two roles.

relationship service

A service used to model and maintain relationships across business objects and other data

relationship table

A database table that holds the relationship runtime data for one participant in a relationship. InterChange Server stores relationship instances in relationship tables, with one table (sometimes called a participant table) storing information for one participant in the relationship.

release

To send changed files from the workbench to the team server so that other developers on the team can catch up (synchronize) with the updated version.

release character

The character that indicates that a separator or delimiter is to be used as text data instead of as a separator or delimiter. The release character must immediately precede the delimiter.

remote

Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed through a communication line.

remote authentication dial-in user service

An authentication and accounting system that uses access servers to provide centralized management of access to large networks.

remote database

A database to which a connection is made by using a database link, while connected to a local database. See also local database.

remote file system

A file system residing on a separate server or operating system.

remote file transfer instance

A file that contains information about the method used for remotely transferring a file.

remote home interface

In enterprise beans, an interface that specifies the methods used by remote clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also local home interface.

remote interface

In EJB programming, an interface that defines the business methods that can be called by a client. See also home interface.

remote method

A business method in the remote interface that is callable by a client. See also Remote Method Invocation.

Remote Method Invocation

A protocol that is used to communicate method invocations over a network. Java Remote Method Invocation is a distributed object model in which the methods of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be invoked from other Java virtual machines, possibly on different hosts. See also remote method.

Remote Method Invocation over Internet InterORB Protocol

Part of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) model that developers can use to program in the Java language to work with RMI interfaces, but use IIOP as the underlying transport.

Remote OSE

A transport mechanism that is based on the Open Servlet Engine (OSE) protocol and is used to communicate between two separate machines in the application server environment.

Remote Procedure Call

A protocol that allows a program on a client computer to run a program on a server.

remote product installation

A product installation onto a remote workstation that has a pre-installed operating system.

remote queue

A queue that belongs to a remote queue manager. Programs can put messages on remote queues, but they cannot get messages from remote queues. See also local queue.

remote queue manager

A queue manager to which a program is not connected, even if it is running on the same system as the program. See also local queue manager.

remove method

In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to destroy an enterprise bean.

repeating data element

An EDI data element or EDI composite data element that occurs more than once consecutively in an EDI segment.

repertoire

Configuration information that contains the details necessary for building a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection.

replication

1. The process of maintaining a defined set of data in more than one location. Replication involves copying designated changes for one location (a source) to another (a target) and synchronizing the data in both locations.

2. The process of copying objects from one node in a cluster to one or more other nodes in the cluster, which makes the objects on all the systems identical.

replication entry

A runtime component that handles the transfer of internal data.

reply message

A type of message used for replies to request messages. See also report message, request message.

reply-to queue

The name of a queue to which the program that issued an MQPUT call wants a reply message or report message sent.

report

A formatted presentation of information relating to a model or to process simulation results. Reports can be viewed online, printed, or exported to a variety of file formats.

report container

A group of settings that define the overall presentation of a report, including page dimensions and orientation, margin sizes, and options for displaying title, author, and summary information.

report message

A type of message that gives information about another message. A report message can indicate that a message has been delivered, has arrived at its destination, has expired, or could not be processed for some reason. See also reply message, request message.

repository

A persistent storage area for data and other application resources.

repository checkpoint

A function that backs up copies of files from the master configuration repository. The backup files can be used to restore the configuration to a previous state if future configuration changes cause operational problems.

repository table

One of three types of database tables in the InterChange Server repository, the repository tables store information about the collaborations, business objects, connectors, maps, and relationships that you can configure in the WebSphere business integration system. The other two types of database tables in the repository are the event management tables and the transaction tables.

request

In a request/response interaction, the role performed by a business object that instructs a connector to interact with an application or other programmatic entity.

request business object

A business object sent as a request by a collaboration to a connector. Requests specify an action such as retrieving, updating, creating, or deleting data. When a request business object is a child of a wrapper business object, the WebSphere business integration system uses it to facilitate exchange of data to and from a URL. In this case, this business object contains collaboration request data passed to a URL by the appropriate protocol handler and data handler. See also wrapper business object.

request consumer binding

A definition of the security requests for the request message that is received by a Web service.

request flow

The flow of the message from the service requester.

Request for Comments

In Internet communication, one of a series of numbered documents that describe Internet communication protocols.

request generator binding

A definition of the security requests for the request message that is sent to a Web service.

request message

A type of message used to request a reply from another program. See also reply message, report message.

request metrics

A mechanism to monitor and troubleshoot performance bottlenecks in the system at an individual request level.

request receiver binding

A definition of the security requirements for the request message that is received from a request to a Web service.

request/reply

A type of messaging application in which a request message is used to request a reply from another application. See also send and forget.

request/response interaction

The type of interaction used by collaborations to move data into or extract data from connectors and the applications or processes with which the connectors interact. The collaboration sends a request in the form of a business object and the connector responds with either data in the form of a business object or a notification of success or failure.

request sender binding

A definition of the security requirements for the request message that is sent to a Web service.

resource

1. A facility of a computing system or operating system required by a job, task, or running program. Resources include main storage, input/output devices, the processing unit, data sets, files, libraries, folders, application servers, and control or processing programs.

2. The collective term for projects, folders, subfolders, and files that can be manipulated in the Eclipse workbench.

3. A person, piece of equipment, or material that is used to perform a task or a project. Each resource is a particular occurrence or example of a resource definition.

4. A discrete asset, for example application suites, applications, business services, interfaces, endpoints, and business events.

Resource Access Control Facility

An IBM licensed program that provides access control by identifying users to the system; verifying users of the system; authorizing access to protected resources; logging unauthorized attempts to enter the system; and logging accesses to protected resources.

resource adapter

A system-level software driver that is used by an EJB container or an application client to connect to an enterprise information system (EIS). A resource adapter plugs in to a container; the application components deployed on the container then use the client API (exposed by adapter) or tool-generated, high-level abstractions to access the underlying EIS. (Sun) See also container, enterprise information system.

resource adapter archive

A Java archive (JAR) file that is used to package a resource adapter for the Java 2 Connector (J2C) architecture.

resource class

An attribute of a resource that is used to group resources according to the subsystem to which they belong and the purpose for which they are used.

resource distribution report

A report, generated by the Customization Definition Program (CDP), that describes the resources required by an instance.

resource environment reference

A reference that maps a logical name used by the client application to the physical name of an object.

resource manager

An application, program, or transaction that manages and controls access to shared resources such as memory buffers and data sets. WebSphere MQ, CICS, and IMS are resource managers.

resource manager local transaction

A resource manager view of a local transaction that represents a unit of recovery on a single connection that is managed by the resource manager.

resource model

A model that defines the resources used in business operations, including their roles, availability, and cost characteristics.

resource property

A property for a JDBC data source in a server configuration, for example the server name, user ID, or password.

Resource Recovery Services

A component of z/OS that uses a sync point manager to coordinate changes among participating resource managers.

response

In a request/response interaction, a message from a connector to a collaboration that carries the results of a request made by the collaboration. The message can be either a business object or a response code.

response business object

A business object returned by a connector to a collaboration. This business object contains response data from the connector's application or data source. Responses include the results of processes such as retrieving, changing, creating, or deleting data. When a response business object is a child of a wrapper business object, the WebSphere business integration system uses it to facilitate exchange of data to and from a URL. In this case, this business object contains response data from a URL. It is passed by a synchronous protocol handler to the appropriate collaboration. See also wrapper business object.

response file

A file containing predefined values that is used instead of someone having to enter those values one at a time. See also silent installation.

response flow

The flow of the message from the service provider to the service requester.

response generator binding

A definition of the security requests for the response message that is sent to a Web service.

response receiver binding

A definition of the security requirements for the response message that is received from a request to a Web service.

response sender binding

A definition of the security requirements for the response message that is sent to a Web service.

restricted place

A shared place that is open to only those individuals and groups whom the place creator (or place manager) adds to the place's membership list. The person who creates the place (and who automatically becomes the place manager) designates the place as a restricted place during place creation. See also public place.

result event

An action that is generated by the technology connectors and sent back to the runtime server to be processed as a new event.

result set

The set of rows that a procedure returns.

result tree

The output document that is created when an XSL file is used to transform an XML file.

resume

To continue execution of an application after an activity has been suspended.

retained publication

A published message that is kept at the broker for propagation to clients that subscribe at some point in the future.

return code

A value returned by a program to indicate the result of its processing. Completion codes and reason codes are examples of return codes.

reverse proxy

An IP-forwarding topology where the proxy is on behalf of the back-end HTTP server. It is an application proxy for servers using HTTP.

rich media

In a Web page, content that is aural, visual, or interactive, such as audio or video files.

Rich Site Summary

An XML-based format for syndicated Web content that is based on the RSS 0.91 specification. The RSS XML file formats are used by Internet users to subscribe to Web sites that have provided RSS feeds. See also feed.

rich text

A field that can contain objects, file attachments, or pictures as well as text with formatting options such as italics or boldface.

ripplestart

An action where the system waits for a member in a cluster to start before starting the next member of the cluster.

RMA authorisation

An authorisation that has been processed by an RMA.

RM distribution file

A file used to exchange relationship data with an relationship management application (RMA). It is the file that is created when you export bootstrap authorizations, and it is the file from which you import authorizations from an RMA.

RM report

A report used to determine whether all the relationships that are required when using PV03 exclusively have already been recorded, and whether corresponding authorisations already exist.

ROD dictionary

ROD document definition

ROD structure

role

1. A job function that identifies the tasks that a user can perform and the resources to which a user has access. A user can be assigned one or more roles.

2. A logical group of principals that provides a set of permissions. Access to operations is controlled by granting access to a role.

3. A description of a function to be carried out by an individual or bulk resource, and the qualifications required to fulfill the function. In simulation and analysis, the term role is also used to refer to the qualified resources.

4. In a relationship, a role determines the function and participation of entities. Roles capture structure and constraint requirements on participating entities and their manner of participation. For example, in an employment relationship, the roles are employer and employee.

5. A collection of access rights that can be assigned to a user, group of users, system, service, or application that enable it to carry out certain tasks.

role-based access control

The process of restricting integral components of a system based on user authentication, roles, and permissions.

role-based authorization

The use of authorization information to determine whether a caller has the necessary privilege to request a service.

role mapping

The process of associating groups and principals recognized by the container to security roles specified in the deployment descriptor.

rollback

The execution of a scenario's compensation steps by InterChange Server to undo the effects of a partially completed scenario.

root

The user name for the system user with the most authority.

RosettaNet Partner Interface Process

A specialized system-to-system XML-based dialog that depicts the activities, decisions, and partner role interactions that fulfill a business transaction between two partners in a given supply chain.

routing policy

A set of rules that determine how the server routes incoming requests.

RSA encryption

A system for public-key cryptography used for encryption and authentication. It was invented in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. The security of the system depends on the difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers.

rule

A condition that must be satisfied when a business activity is being performed.

rule logic

The business logic, which is expressed by a business rule, that consists of decisions that affect how a business responds to specific business conditions. For example, a decision that determines how much of a discount to give to a preferred customer is rule logic.

rules-based personalization

Personalization technology that enables you to customize Web content based on user needs and preferences, and business requirements.

rule schedule

An interface for modifying the values of a business rule in the rule logic selection record.

rule set

An if-then statement that is composed of a set of textual statements, or rules, that are evaluated sequentially. if is the condition and then is the action. Each condition that evaluates to true is acted upon. See also decision table, action rule, if-then rule.

RunAs role

A role used by a servlet or an enterprise bean component to invoke and delegate a role to another enterprise bean.

run time

The time period during which a computer program is running.

runtime environment

A set of resources that are used to run a program or process.

Runtime Environment for Java

runtime object

An object used by the translator, such as a control string, code list, translation table, or user exit profile.

runtime task

A generated administrative action plan that contains recommendations to improve the health and performance of a runtime environment.

runtime topology

A depiction of the momentary state of the environment.

S

SAG MQ connection

An entity within an SAG that encapsulates a WebSphere MQ connection.

SCA component

A building block of the Service Component Architecture, used to build SCA modules such as mediation modules.

SCADA device protocol

A protocol that implements the WebSphere MQ Telemetry Transport to connect SCADA devices to the broker.

SCA export binding

A concrete definition that specifies the physical mechanism used by a service requester to access an SCA module; for example, using SOAP/HTTP.

SCA export interface

An abstract definition that describes how service requesters access an SCA module.

SCA import binding

A concrete definition that specifies the physical mechanism used by an SCA module to access an external service; for example, using SOAP/HTTP.

SCA import interface

An abstract definition that describes how an SCA module accesses a service.

scalability

The ability of a system to expand as resources, such as processors, memory, or storage, are added.

SCA module

A module with interfaces that conforms to the Service Component Architecture (SCA).

SCA request

A service request that conforms to the Service Component Architecture (SCA). An SCA module routes the request to a service provider, after having done any additional processing specified by the module.

SCA run time

The server functions that provide support for the Service Component Architecture.

scenario

A set of actions representing a business process within the context of a collaboration. Scenarios can be used to partition a collaboration's logic. For example, if a collaboration handles one type of business object with various possible verbs, the user might develop Create, Update, and Delete scenarios. See also activity.

scenario tree

The set of scenarios, displayed hierarchically, that includes composite scenarios, subdiagrams, and iterators.

scheduler

A service that provides time-dependent services.

schema

A collection of database objects such as tables, views, indexes, or triggers that define a database. A schema provides a logical classification of database objects.

schema document definition

A description or layout of an XML document based on an XML schema.

scope

1. In Web services, a property that identifies the lifetime of the object serving the invocation request.

2. A specification of the boundary within which system resources can be used.

scratchpad area

A work area used in conversational processing to retain information from an application program across executions of the program.

screen

The display that the user sees when he or she connects to a 3270 application on the host system. A single 3270 application can include many screens, each of which has a purpose within the context of the application.

screen editor

A 3270 terminal service development tool that enables a developer to create and modify recognition profiles for an imported screen and to assign names to the fields on the screen definition.

screen file

The result of importing a screen definition from a 3270 application into the 3270 terminal service development workbench. A screen file represents a screen definition. The screen definition contains identifiers such as the number of fields on the screen and the row and column position of fields on the screen. There are multiple screen files per 3270 terminal service project. Each screen file can have multiple recognition profiles assigned to it.

screen import

The process of importing a screen definition (in its current state) and saving it to a screen file within the 3270 terminal service tools workbench, for the purpose of generating recognition profiles and custom screen records. Use the 3270 terminal service recorder to import screens.

screen recognition

A runtime function that determines the state of a screen and processes the screen in accordance with the identifiers in the recognition profiles. Screen recognition compares the screen as presented by the 3270 application to the defined recognition profiles to determine which screen state applies.

screen state

The set of conditions (at the time the screen was imported from the host) that determine the allowed and required processing on the screen. A screen's state operates on input to change the status, cause an action, or result in a particular output screen. A single screen can have multiple states and the allowed user actions for the screen vary depending on which state the screen is in.

script

A series of commands, combined in a file, that carry out a particular function when the file is run. Scripts are interpreted as they are run.

scripting

A style of programming that reuses existing components as a base for building applications.

scriptlet

A mechanism for adding scripting language fragments to a source file.

SDO repository

A database that the service integration bus for Web services enablement uses for storing and serving Web Services Description Language (WSDL) definitions.

Secure Association Service

An authentication protocol used to communicate securely for the client principal by establishing a secure association between the client and server.

Secure Hash Algorithm

An encryption method in which data is encrypted in a way that is mathematically impossible to reverse. Different data can possibly produce the same hash value, but there is no way to use the hash value to determine the original data.

Secure Internet Protocol Network

A SWIFT network based on the Internet Protocol (IP) and related technologies.

Secure Shell

A Unix-based command interface and protocol for securely getting access accessing to a remote computer.

Secure Sockets Layer

A security protocol that provides communication privacy. With SSL, client/server applications can communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. See also certificate authority.

SecureWay Directory

An LDAP directory that can store user-related data, such as the user ID, the user name, and passwords.

security administrator

The person who controls access to business data and program functions.

Security Assertion Markup Language

An XML framework for exchanging authentication and authorization information.

security attribute propagation

The transportation of security attributes from one server to another server in an application server configuration.

security constraint

A declaration of how to protect Web content, and how to protect data that is communicated between the client and the server.

security domain

The set of all the servers that are configured with the same user registry realm name.

security entity

Entities used to specify what a user is authorized to do. Security entities include roles and users.

security permission

Authorization granted to access a system resource.

security policy

A written document that defines the security controls that you institute for your computer systems. A security policy describes the risks that you intend these controls to minimize and the actions that should be taken if someone breaches your security controls.

security role

In Java EE, an abstract logical grouping of users that is defined by the application assembler. When an application is deployed, the roles are mapped to security identities, such as principals or groups, in the operational environment. (Sun)

security role reference

A role that defines the access levels that users have and the specific resources that they can modify at those levels.

security token

A representation of a set of claims that are made by a client that can include a name, password, identity, key, certificate, group, privilege, and so on.

segment directory

A file containing the format of all EDI segments in an EDI standard.

segment identifier

A unique three-character identifier at the beginning of each EDI segment.

segment ID separator

The character that separates the segment identifier from the EDI data elements in the EDI segment. See also data element delimiter.

segment terminator

The character that marks the end of an EDI segment.

selector component

A component that provides a means of interposing a dynamic selection mechanism between the client application and a set of target implementations.

self-defining element

An element for which no matching definition exists in the message model. See also self-defining message, predefined element.

self-defining message

An message for which no matching definition exists in the message model. For example, a message coded in XML is self-defining. See also predefined message, self-defining element.

send and forget

sender bean

In extended messaging, an enterprise bean (stateless session bean) that can be built to send asynchronous messages. A sender bean translates its method invocation into a JMS message, then passes that message to JMS. It can also retrieve a response message, translate that message into a result value, and return it to the caller.

sensor

A program that reads information from a managed software system to create configuration information.

sequence grouping

The specification of the order in which entity beans update relational database tables.

sequence number

A number assigned to each message exchanged between two nodes. The number is increased by one for each successive message. It starts from zero each time a new session is established.

serialization

In object-oriented programming, the writing of data in sequential fashion to a communications medium from program memory.

serializer

A method for converting object data to another form such as binary or XML. See also deserialization.

servant region

A contiguous area of virtual storage that is dynamically started as load increases and automatically stopped as load eases.

server

A software program or a computer that provides services to other software programs or other computers. See also host, client.

server and bus environment

The environment in which servers, service integration buses, and their resources are configured and managed.

server cluster

A group of servers that are typically on different physical machines and have the same applications configured within them, but operate as a single logical server.

server configuration

A resource that contains information required to set up and deploy to an application server.

server implementation object

Enterprise beans that client applications require to access and implement the services that support those objects.

server message

A message that is routed to a server application for processing, or a delivery notification that is routed to a client application to acknowledge the receipt of a client message by its destination.

server operation

A collection of Java or non-Java process definitions that you can define to run on middleware servers. You can create server operations to enable or disable tracing, start or stop applications, query the running state of a server, and so on.

server project

A project that contains information about test and deployment servers and their configurations.

server-side

Pertaining to an application or component of an application that runs on a server rather than on the client. JSP and servlets are two examples of technologies that enable server-side programming.

server-side include

A facility for including dynamic information in documents sent to clients, such as current date, the last modification date of a file, and the size or last modification of other files.

service

1. A component that accepts as input a message, and processes the message. For example, a service translates its payload into a different format, or routes it to one of several output queues. Most services are implemented as message flows or primitives.

2. In service-oriented architecture, a unit of work accomplished by an interaction between computing devices.

service application

An application used to deploy mediation modules.

service bundle

A set of services that logically belong together, for example, because they share resources such as a status table or error processing queue. A service bundle contains the definition files for all resources required to provide the services, for example definition files for message flows, queues, and database tables. A service bundle has a unique name in the scope of an instance. A service bundle must be assigned to an organizational unit and loaded into a server before it is operational.

service call failure

A response from the connector to indicate that processing of the service call request failed.

service call request

A request to a connector from a service call.

service call response

A successful response from the connector to a service call request.

service class

A group of work that has the same service goals or performance objectives, resource requirements, or availability requirements. For workload management, a service goal and, optionally, a resource group is assigned to a service class.

service client

A requester that invokes functions in a service provider.

service component

A collection of processes that represents a business service that publishes or operates on business data.

Service Component Architecture

An architecture in which all elements of a business transaction, such as access to Web services, Enterprise Information System (EIS) service assets, business rules, workflows, databases and so on, are represented in a service-oriented way.

service context

Part of a General InterORB Protocol (GIOP) message that is identified with an ID and contains data used in specific interactions, such as security actions, character code set conversion, and Object Request Broker (ORB) version information.

Service Data Objects

An open standard for enabling applications to handle data from heterogeneous data sources in a uniform way, based on the concept of a disconnected data graph. See also business object.

service definition

One or more WSDL files that describe a service. Service definitions are produced by the Definition, Deployment, Adaptor, Skeleton, and Proxy wizards.

service description

The description of a Web service, which can be defined in any format such as WSDL, UDDI, or HTML.

service destination

A specialization of a service integration bus destination. Each service destination can directly represent the Web service implementation or can indirectly represent the service through a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document.

service document

A document that describes a Web service, for example a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document.

service endpoint

The physical address of a service which implements one or more interfaces.

service input queue

The queue from which a service retrieves the messages it is to process. In WebSphere BI for FN, this queue is implemented as a WebSphere MQ local queue.

service integration bus

A managed communication mechanism that supports service integration through synchronous and asynchronous messaging. A bus consists of interconnecting messaging engines that manage bus resources.

service integration bus link

A link between messaging engines on different service integration buses. This enables requests and messages to pass between the buses.

service integration bus Web services enablement

A software component that enables Web services to use IBM service integration technologies. This capability provides a quality of service choice and message distribution options for Web services, with mediations that support message rerouting or modification.

service integration logic

Integration logic on an enterprise service bus to mediate between requesters and providers. The logic performs a number of functions such as to transform and augment requests, convert transport protocols, and route requests and replies automatically

service integration technology

Technology that provides a highly-flexible messaging system for a service-oriented architecture (SOA). This supports a wide spectrum of quality of service options, protocols, and messaging patterns. The technology supports both message-oriented and service-oriented applications.

service interface queue

The queue into which applications place messages that are to be processed by a service. In WebSphere BI for FN, each OU that uses a particular service has its own service interface queue, and this queue is implemented as a WebSphere MQ alias queue.

service level

A class of service that can be used in business policies to aggregate a set of desired and implied service qualities.

service level agreement

A contract between a customer and a service provider that specifies the expectations for the level of service with respect to availability, performance, and other measurable objectives.

service message object

A service data object that can exist only in a mediation flow component. The service message object is composed of a body and headers. The body contains the parameters of the invoked interface operation, and the headers may contain information such as service invocation, transport protocol, mediation exception, JMS properties, or correlation information.

service-oriented architecture

A conceptual description of the structure of a software system in terms of its components and the services they provide, without regard for the underlying implementation of these components, services and connections between components.

service policy

A performance goal that is assigned to a specific application URI to help designate the business importance of different request types.

service portfolio

The collection of business services that a subscriber is entitled to use.

service project

A collection of related items used to build a service.

service provider

A company or program that provides a business function as a service.

service registry

A repository that contains all of the information that is required to access a Web service.

service requester

The application that initiates an interaction with a Web service. The service requestor binds to the service using the published information and calls the service.

services

Collections of network endpoints or ports that are used to aggregate a set of related ports.

service segment

The EDI segment used when an EDI document is enveloped (such as ISA, GS, ST, UNB, UNH, UNT, and so on).

service type definition

In Universal Discovery Description and Integration (UDDI), a description of specifications for services or taxonomies.

service virtualization

A virtualization that compensates for the differences in the syntactic details of the service interactions so that the service requestor and provider do not have to use the same interaction protocol and pattern or the same interface, nor do they have to know the identities of the other participants.

servlet

A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response to Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.

servlet container

A Web application server component that invokes the action servlet and that interacts with the action servlet to process requests.

servlet filtering

The process of transforming a request or modifying a response without exposing the resource used by the servlet engine. See also filter.

servlet mapping

A correspondence between a client request and a servlet that defines their association.

session

1. A logical or virtual connection between two stations, software programs, or devices on a network that allows the two elements to communicate and exchange data.

2. In Java EE, an object used by a servlet to track a user's interaction with a Web application across multiple HTTP requests.

3. A series of requests to a servlet originating from the same user at the same browser.

session affinity

A method of configuring applications in which a client is always connected to the same server. These configurations disable workload management after an initial connection by forcing a client request to always go to the same server.

session bean

An enterprise bean that is created by a client and that usually exists only for the duration of a single client/server session. (Sun) See also stateless session bean, entity bean, stateful session bean.

session facade

A mechanism for separating the business and client tiers of an enterprise application by abstracting the data and business methods so that clients are not tightly coupled with the business logic and not responsible for data integrity. Implemented as session enterprise beans, session facades also decouple lower-level business components from one another.

Session Initiation Protocol

A protocol for initiating interactive multi-media sessions. See also siplet.

session sequence number

A sequentially incremented 10 byte identifier that is assigned to each request unit in an LT session. It is formed by concatenating the 4 byte session number with a 6 byte sequence number.

setter method

A method whose purpose is to set the value of an instance or class variable. This capability allows another object to set the value of one of its variables. See also getter method.

severity code

A number that indicates the seriousness of an error condition.

shared library file

A file that consists of a symbolic name, a Java class path and a native path for loading Java Native Interface (JNI) libraries. Applications that are deployed on the same node as this file can access this information.

shared place

A place created for a community of people with a common purpose. Shared places can be public or restricted. The place creator (who automatically becomes the place manager) specifies whether a place is public or restricted during place creation.

shared resources directory

The directory that contains software files or plug-ins that are shared by packages. In WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker, this term refers to the directory that contains Eclipse plug-ins and features, and other common files and resources, that are used by all products on the computer that are installed and maintained by Installation Manager, which include the Message Broker Toolkit. The contents of this directory are used by all products in all the package groups that are defined on the computer.

shell script

A program, or script, that is interpreted by the shell of an operating system.

shortcut bar

In Eclipse, the vertical toolbar at the left side of the workbench window that contains buttons for open perspectives and for fast views.

shortest path

The processing path that takes the shortest time to complete of all parallel paths in a process instance, where each path considered begins at a start node or an input to the process and ends at a terminate node.

Short Message Service

A service that is used to transmit text to and from a mobile phone.

short name

In personal communications, the one-letter name (A through Z) of the presentation space or emulation session.

shredding

The process of breaking up an XML document for storage in database tables.

side effect

An undesirable result caused by altering the values of nonlocal variables by a procedure or function.

signer certificate

The trusted certificate entry that is usually in a truststore file.

silent installation

An installation that does not send messages to the console but instead stores messages and errors in log files. A silent installation can use response files for data input. See also response file.

silent mode

A method for installing or uninstalling a product component from the command line with no GUI display. When using silent mode, you specify the data required by the installation or uninstallation program directly on the command line or in a file (called an option file or response file).

Simple API for XML

An event-driven, serial-access protocol for accessing XML documents, used. A Java-only API, SAX is used by most servlets and network programs to transmit and receive XML documents. See also Document Object Model.

simple attribute

An attribute in a business object that contains only one value. Valid attribute types for simple attributes include String and Integer. See also array attribute, attribute, single-cardinality attribute.

simple element

An item in the source or target document that does not contain child items, only data. For example: EDI data elements, ROD fields, XML attributes, and XML PCData values. See also element, complex element.

simple identity relationship

An identity relationship that relates two business objects through a single-attribute key. Each business object that participates in the simple identity relationship contains a key with a single unique value that identifies it.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

An Internet application protocol for transferring mail among users of the Internet.

Simple Network Management Protocol

A set of protocols for monitoring systems and devices in complex networks. Information about managed devices is defined and stored in a Management Information Base (MIB).

simple type

A characteristic of a simple element that defines the type of data in a message (for example, string, integer, or float). In XML, a simple type cannot have element content and cannot carry attributes. See also complex type.

simulation

A faster-than-real-time performance of a process. Simulation enables organizations to observe how a process will perform in response to variations of inputs to the process, just as in a real-life work environment. Simulation also provides the ability to vary process input volume over time by adjusting resources and current allocations. Simulation output provides detailed information regarding resource utilization levels and the results of cost and cycle-time calculations.

simulation profile

A copy of a process model and the elements on which it depends, augmented with simulation attributes, that you use to run a simulation. Each simulation profile in a snapshot is based on the process as it existed at the time that the snapshot was taken.

simulation snapshot

A record of the complete process model in a state that you want to preserve for simulation purposes. This record contains a copy of all the project elements the process uses, as well as any additional project elements.

single authorization

A setting allowing an action to be carried out by a single person. See also dual authorization.

single-cardinality attribute

An attribute that represents a single value, which may be either a simple attribute or a single child business object. When this attribute represents a child business object, its type is the same as that of the business object it represents. See also array attribute, attribute, child business object, simple attribute.

single-level wildcard

A wildcard that can be specified in subscriptions to match a single level in a topic.

single-occurrence mapping

A form of mapping in which a specific occurrence of a repeating compound or simple element is mapped to a compound or simple element.

single sign-on

An authentication process in which a user can access more than one system or application by entering a single user ID and password.

singleton

A class that can be instantiated only once. A singleton class cannot be an interface.

siplet

A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) servlet that performs SIP signaling to back-end applications of the SIP server, such as the presence server or instant messaging server. See also Session Initiation Protocol.

situation

A significant occurrence that is detected when a set of conditions are met. For example, exceeding the limits of a Key Performance Indicator (KPI).

situation event

A Common Base Event that is emitted when a defined situation occurs.

skeleton

Scaffolding for an implementation class.

skin

An element of a graphical user interface that can be changed to alter the appearance of the interface without affecting its functionality.

smart card

An intelligent token that is embedded with an integrated circuit chip that provides memory capacity and computational capabilities

SMP/E

SMP/E for z/OS

An IBM licensed program that is used to install software and software changes on z/OS systems.

snippet

An excerpt of source code.

SNL

SOAP

A lightweight, XML-based protocol for exchanging information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP can be used to query and return information and invoke services across the Internet.

SOAP domain

The message domain that includes all messages that conform to the SOAP standard. To process a message, a message model for messages is created in this domain. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

SOAP encoding

Rules for serializing data over the SOAP protocol. SOAP encoding is based on a simple type system that is a generalization of the common features found in type systems in programming languages, databases, and semi-structured data.

SOAP parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the SOAP domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output. The bit stream is a representation of an XML file.

SOAP with attachments API for Java

An application programming interface (API) that is used to send XML documents over the Internet from a Java base.

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

An industry-owned cooperative that supplies standardized messaging services and software to financial institutions.

socket

An identifier that an application uses to uniquely identify an end point of communication. The user associates a protocol address with the socket by associating a socket address with the socket.

Sockets Secure

A client/server architecture that transports TCP/IP traffic through a secure gateway. A SOCKS server performs many of the same services that a proxy server does.

softcopy

One or more files that can be electronically distributed, manipulated, and printed by a user.

software development kit

A set of tools, APIs, and documentation to assist with the development of software in a specific computer language or for a particular operating environment.

source based map

A map based on the order elements that are defined in the source document definition.

source code

A computer program in a format that is readable by people. Source code is converted into binary code that can be used by a computer.

source document

A document that is going to be translated.

source document definition

A description of a document layout that is used to identify the format of the source document for a translation.

source interface

In a mediation flow component, the interface that allows the service requester to access the mediation flow through an export.

source tree

The XML input document that is transformed by an XSL stylesheet.

SPA

spec

special-subject

Generalization of a particular class of users; a product-defined entity independent of the user registry.

special variable

A variable that is similar to a local or global variable, except that it is predefined in Data Interchange Services. Special variables are created during translation at the start of a document and cannot be created or maintained by the user.

specification

A declarative description of what something is or does.

SQL Processor Using File Input

A facility of the TSO attachment subcomponent that enables the DB2I user to run SQL statements without embedding them in an application program.

SQL query

A component of certain SQL statements that specifies a result table.

SSH

SSH File Transfer Protocol

A network protocol that provides the ability to transfer files securely over any reliable data stream.

SSL channel

A type of channel within a transport chain that associates a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) configuration repertoire with the transport chain.

SSO

stack

An area in memory that typically stores information such as temporary register information, values of parameters, and return addresses of subroutines and is based on the principle of last in, first out (LIFO).

stack frame

A section of the stack that contains the local variables, arguments, and register contents for an individual routine, as well as a pointer to the previous stack frame.

stacking number

The number of application servers that are required for a dynamic cluster to use all the power of a node.

staff activity

An activity in a process that queries human interaction for decisions on how to proceed. A staff activity is used in a long-running process where the process will halt to await the outcome of the human interaction.

staging

The process of returning return data or an object from an offline or low-priority device to an online or higher priority device, usually on demand of the system or on request of the user.

stand-alone

Independent of any other device, program, or system. In a network environment, a stand-alone machine accesses all required resources locally.

stand-alone server

A fully operational server that is managed independently of all other servers, using its own administrative console.

stand-alone task

A unit of work that exists independently of a business process, and implements human interaction as a service. See also human task, inline task.

standard connector configuration properties

Configuration settings typically used by the connector controller to manage the connector (for example, to set the trace level, log file name, or polling information). These settings are generic for all connectors. See also connector configuration property, connector-specific configuration property.

standard envelope

standard property

A configuration option shared by all instances of a particular WebSphere business integration component, such as all collaborations or all connectors. These properties differ from options that are unique to a particular component. See also property.

Standard Widget Toolkit

An Eclipse toolkit for Java developers that defines a common, portable, user interface API that uses the native widgets of the underlying operating system. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Swing Set.

star schema

A type of relational database schema that is composed of a set of tables comprising a single, central fact table surrounded by dimension tables.

start node

A node that identifies where a process begins.

state

In a business state machine, one of several discrete individual stages that are organized in sequence to compose a business transaction.

State Adaptive Choreography Language

An XML notation that is used to define state machines.

stateful session bean

A session bean that acts on behalf of a single client and maintains client-specific session information (called conversational state) across multiple method calls and transactions. See also stateless session bean, session bean.

stateless session bean

1. A session bean with no conversational state. All instances of a stateless bean are identical. (Sun)

See also session bean, stateful session bean.

2. A session bean that is a collection of operations. The server can optimize resources by reusing bean instances on every method call.

state machine

A behavior that specifies the sequences of states that an object or an interaction goes through during its life in response to events, together with its responses and actions.

statement

An instruction in a program or procedure.

static

A Java programming language keyword that is used to define a variable as a class variable.

static analysis

The process of extracting targeted types of information on the models in their static form. This differs from dynamic analysis, which extracts information based on the results of process simulations.

static cluster

A group of application servers that participates in workload management. Membership for the static cluster is manually managed.

static Web page

A Web page that can be displayed without the additional client- or server-side processing that would be required for JavaServer Pages, servlets, or scripts.

static Web project

A project that contains resources for a Web application with no dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, or Java code. A static Web project can be deployed to a static HTTP server and does not require additional application server support.

stored procedure

A block of procedural constructs and embedded SQL statements that is stored in a database and that can be called by name. Stored procedures allow an application program to be run in two parts, one on the client and the other on the server, so that one call can produce several accesses to the database.

stream

1. In the CVS team programming environment, a shared copy of application resources that is updated by development team members as they make changes. The stream represents the current state of the project.

2. A method of topic partitioning that is used by applications that connect to MQSeries Publish/Subscribe SupportPac brokers.

stream decryption

A symmetric algorithm that decrypts data one bit or byte of data at a time.

stream encryption

A symmetric algorithm that encrypts data one bit or byte of data at a time.

string

In programming languages, the form of data used for storing and manipulating text.

structure

A series of elements that have been graded or ranked in some useful manner. In Business Integration Modeler, a graphical representation of the relationships between different real entities in an organization.

Structured Query Language

A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database.

Structured Query Language for Java

A standard for embedding SQL in Java programs, defining and calling Java procedures and user-defined functions, and using database structured types in Java.

structured viewing

The tabular aspect of the Design view of the XML editor that separates the structural constituents of an XML document, such as elements and attribute types, from values, such as attribute values and textual content.

Struts

An open source framework designed to help developers create Web applications that keep database code, page design code, and control flow code separated from each other.

Struts action

A class that implements a portion of a Web application and returns a forward. The superclass for a Struts action is called the Action class.

Struts module

A Struts configuration file and a set of corresponding actions, form beans, and Web pages. A Struts application comprises at least one Struts module.

Struts project

A dynamic Web project with Struts support added.

stub

A small program routine that substitutes for a longer, possibly remote, program. For example, a stub might be a program module that transfers procedure calls (RPCs) and responses between a client and a server. In Web services, a stub is an implementation of a Java interface generated from a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document.

style sheet

A specification of formatting instructions that, when applied to structured information, provides a particular rendering of that information (for example, online or printed). Different style sheets can be applied to the same piece of structured information to produce different presentations of the information.

subclass

In Java, a class that is derived from a particular class, through inheritance.

subdiagram

In a collaboration template's activity diagram, a nested diagram. Also, the activity diagram symbol that represents a nested diagram.

subelement

In UN/EDIFACT EDI standards, an EDI data element that is part of an EDI composite data element. For example, an EDI data element and its qualifier are subelements of an EDI composite data element.

subelement separator

A character that separates the subelements in an EDI composite data element.

subflow

A sequence of processing steps, implemented using message flow nodes, that is designed to be embedded in a message flow or in another subflow. A subflow must include at least one Input or Output node. A subflow can be executed by a broker only as part of the message flow in which it is embedded, and therefore cannot be deployed. See also message flow.

subflow node

A message flow node that represents a subflow. See also primitive.

submap

A map that is called from within another map. Submaps are often used to map child business objects.

subprocess

A local process that is also a part of another process.

subquery

In SQL, a subselect used within a predicate, for example, a select-statement within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL statement.

subscriber

1. An application that requests information about a specified topic from a publish/subscribe broker.

2. The consumer of a business service.

subscription

A record that contains the information that a subscriber passes to its local broker to describe the publications that it wants to receive.

subscription filter

A predicate that specifies a subset of messages that are to be delivered to a particular subscriber.

subscription point

The name that a subscriber uses to request publications from a particular set of publication nodes. It is the property of a publication node that differentiates it from other publication nodes in the same message flow.

substate

A state that is part of a composite state.

substitution group

An XML Schema feature that provides a means of substituting one element for another in an XML message. A substitution group contains a list of global elements that can appear in place of another global element, called the head element.

superclass

In Java, a class from which a particular class is inherited, perhaps with one or more classes in between.

superset

Given two sets A and B, A is a superset of B if and only if all elements of B are also elements of A. That is, A is a superset of B if B is a subset of A.

supertype

In a type hierarchy, a type that subtypes inherit attributes from.

supervisory control and data acquisition

A broad term, used to describe any form of remote telemetry system used for gathering data from remote sensor devices (for example, flow rate meters on an oil pipeline) and for the near real time control of remote equipment (for example, pipeline valves). These devices communicate with the broker using the SCADA device protocol (MQIsdp).

suspend

To pause a process instance.

SVB

SWIFT address

SWIFTAlliance Gateway

A SWIFT interface product extending SWIFTNet Link by additional services such as profile-based processing, and offering a WebSphere MQ interface.

SWIFTNet FileAct

SWIFT's interactive communication service supporting exchange of files between two applications.

SWIFTNet FIN

SWIFT's service providing FIN access using the Secure IP Network (SIPN) instead of the SWIFT Transport Network (STN). See also FIN.

SWIFTNet FIN batching

The transporting of more than one FIN message within a single InterAct message.

SWIFTNet InterAct

SWIFT's interactive communication service supporting exchange of request and response messages between two applications.

SWIFTNet Link

SWIFT's mandatory software product to access all SWIFTNet services.

SWIFTNet public key infrastructure

SWIFT's mandatory security software and hardware installed with SWIFTNet Link. See also public key infrastructure.

SWIFTNet service

SWIFT's IP-based communication services that run on the SIPN.

SWIFTNet service application

An application that uses SWIFTNet services. Financial organizations such as Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS) or the Global Straight Through Processing Association (GSTPA) offer such applications to financial institutions.

SWIFT transport network

SWIFT's network providing FIN and IFT service based on X.25 technology.

swimlane

A visually separated row within a process flow diagram that groups all the activities in the process that are performed by a particular combination of roles, resources, organization units, or locations.

Swing Set

A collection of GUI components that runs consistently on any operating system that supports the Java virtual machine (JVM). Because they are written entirely in the Java programming language, these components provide functionality above and beyond that provided by native-platform equivalents. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Standard Widget Toolkit.

symbolic link

A type of file that contains a pointer to another file or directory.

symmetric algorithm

An algorithm where the encryption key can be calculated from the decryption key and vice versa. In most symmetric algorithms, the encryption key and the decryption key are the same.

synchronize

To add, subtract, or change one feature or artifact to match another.

synchronous process

A process that starts by invoking a request-response operation. The result of the process is returned by the same operation.

sync point

A point during the processing of a transaction at which protected resources are consistent.

sync point manager

A function that coordinates the two-phase commit process for protected resources, so that all changes to data are either committed or backed out.

syntax

The rules for the construction of a command or statement.

syntax highlighting

In source editors, the ability to differentiate text and structural elements, such as tags, attributes, and attribute values, using text highlighting differences, such as font face, emphasis, and color.

syntax type

A category used to classify different formats of documents. Data Interchange Services supports three syntax types: XML, EDI, and record oriented data. The user can map and translate between any of these syntax types.

synthetic event

An event that is fired in response to a condition that was detected while processing the current event. Unlike an action, which is also fired in response to a condition that was detected during the processing of the current event, a synthetic event is not sent to a touchpoint through a connector. A synthetic event is processed by WebSphere Business Events in the same way as other events.

sysplex

A set of z/OS systems that communicate with each other through certain multisystem hardware components and software services.

system administrator

The person who controls and manages a computer system.

System Authorization Facility

An MVS interface with which programs can communicate with an external security manager, such as RACF.

system configuration administration

The administration of configuration object types, organizational units, and roles. This is carried out after the product has been installed and is running.

system logger

A central logging facility provided by MVS/ESA SP 5.2. The MVS system logger provides an integrated MVS logging facility that can be used by system and subsystem components. For example, it is used by the CICS log manager.

System Manager

A graphical user interface to administer and manage the WebSphere business integration system. Most administration tasks are performed using System Manager, and many of the tools, such as Map Designer and Relationship Designer, can be accessed through System Manager.

system menu

A drop-down menu that is activated by clicking the icon at the left of a window's title bar and that allows users to restore, move, size, minimize, or maximize the window.

systems analyst

A specialist who is responsible for translating business requirements into system definitions and solutions.

T

tag

In UN/EDIFACT EDI Standards, the segment identifier. In export and import, a code that is assigned to each field in the database and used to identify the field in the export file. Such export files are known as tagged files.

Tagged/Delimited String Format

The physical representation of a message in the MRM domain that has a number of data elements separated by tags and delimiters.

taglib directive

In a JSP page, a declaration stating that the page uses custom tags, defines the tag library, and specifies its tag prefixes. (Sun)

tag library

In JSP technology, a collection of tags identifying custom actions described using a taglib descriptor and Java classes. A JSP tag library can be imported into any JSP file and used with various scripting languages. (Sun)

target

1. The destination for an action or operation.

2. A value that a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) should achieve, such as "300" or "5 days."

target based map

A map based on the order elements that are defined in the target document definition.

target CDD

A customization definition document (CDD) to which placeholders have been added, and for which placeholder values have been specified. A target CDD describes a particular target customization definition.

target component

A component that is the final target of a client service request.

target customization definition

A customization definition that describes a changed version of a current customization definition. Each target customization definition has a target CDD that describes it.

target document

A translated version of a document.

target document definition

A description of the document layout used to create an output document from a translation.

target document definition window

One of the pages on the Details tab of the Data Transformation Map Editor and the Functional Acknowledgement Map Editor. It displays the target document definition.

target namespace

A unique logical location for information about the service that associates a namespace with a WSDL location.

target service

A service that exists outside of the gateway.

task

The basic building blocks in the model. Each task performs some function. Visually, a task represents the lowest level of work that can be portrayed in a process. See also activity.

taxonomy

The hierarchical classification of information according to a known system that is used to easily discuss, analyze, or retrieve that information.

TCP channel

A type of channel within a transport chain that provides client applications with persistent connections within a local area network (LAN).

TCP/IP monitoring server

A runtime environment that monitors all requests and responses between a Web browser and an application server, as well as TCP/IP activity.

team support

The component that interacts with a repository to share and version projects and project data. See also version control.

technology adapter

An adapter that is designed for interactions that conform to a specific technology. For example, the WebSphere Adapter for FTP, is an intermediary through which an integration broker sends data to a file system that resides on a local or remote FTP server.

technology connector

An API that passes data between the event processing server (runtime server) and external systems using a standard protocol such as SMTP, HTTP, FTP, or SOAP.

template

A grouping of elements that share common properties. These properties may be defined only once, at the template level, and are inherited by all elements using the template. In Java terms, this is an abstract class.

template library

The database, known as the Portal Template Catalog, that stores place template specifications and portlets forms, subforms, and profiles.

template tree view

The tree viewer that displays the template definitions, scenario tree, and message file of the collaboration template. Display of the template tree view is optional.

temporary file system

A temporary, in-memory physical file system that supports in-storage mountable file systems. Normally, a TFS runs in the kernel address space, but it can be run in a logical file system (LFS) colony address space.

terminal

The point at which one node in a message flow is connected to another node. Terminals can be connected to control the route that a message takes, dependent on the outcome of the operation that is performed on that message by the node.

terminal file

The resource in a 3270 service project that contains the information necessary for connecting to the host system during build time. Terminal files are automatically generated when the 3270 terminal service project is created. In the Navigator view, if a terminal file is selected, the 3270 terminal service recorder opens in the editor area.

terminate node

A node that marks the end of a process. When a flow reaches a stop node while the process is running, the process immediately terminates, even if there are other currently executing flows within the process.

test case

A set of tasks, scripts, or routines that automate the task of testing software.

test configuration

A property of the integration test client that is used to specify modules for testing and to control the tests.

test harness

A series of script files used to enable a DB2 database for use by the DB2 XML Extender. A test harness is optionally created when a DAD file is generated from a relational database to XML mapping. Once enabled, it tests composing XML from data as well as decomposing XML files into relational data.

test pattern

A template used for the automatic generation of component tests. There are several test patterns available for testing both Java and EJB components. See also component test.

test suite

A collection of test cases that define test behavior and control test execution and deployment.

theme

The style element that gives a place a particular look. The portal provides several themes, similar to virtual wallpaper, from which you can choose when creating a place.

thin application client

A lightweight, downloadable Java application run time capable of interacting with enterprise beans.

thin client

A client that has little or no installed software but has access to software that is managed and delivered by network servers that are attached to it. A thin client is an alternative to a full-function client such as a workstation.

thread

A stream of computer instructions that is in control of a process. In some operating systems, a thread is the smallest unit of operation in a process. Several threads can run concurrently, performing different jobs.

thread contention

A condition in which a thread is waiting for a lock or object that another thread holds.

threshold

A setting that applies to an interrupt in a simulation that defines when a process simulation should be halted based on a condition existing for a specified proportion of occurrences of some event.

throughput

The measure of the amount of work performed by a device, such as a computer or printer, over a period of time, for example, number of jobs per day.

thumbnail

An icon-sized rendering of a larger graphic image that permits a user to preview the image without opening a view or graphical editor.

timeout

A time interval that is allotted for an event to occur or complete before operation is interrupted.

timer

A task that produces output at certain points in time.

Time Sharing Option

A base element of the z/OS operating system with which users can interactively work with the system. See also Interactive System Productivity Facility.

timetable

A schedule of times. In business process modeling, timetables are usually associated with resources or costs. For resources, timetables indicate availability (such as Monday to Friday). For costs, timetables are useful if the cost varies with time of day (such as electricity) or time of year (such as seasonal foods).

time to live

The time interval in seconds that an entry can exist in the cache before that entry is discarded.

timing constraint

A specialized validation action used to measure the duration of a method call or a sequence of method calls. See also validation action.

Tivoli Performance Viewer

A Java client that retrieves the Performance Monitoring Infrastructure (PMI) data from an application server and displays it in various formats.

token

1. A particular message or bit pattern that signifies permission or temporary control to transmit over a network.

2. A marker used to track the current state of a process instance during a simulation run.

token bucket

A mechanism that controls data flow. As an application requests permission into a network, the token bucket adds characters (or tokens) into a buffer (or bucket). If enough room is available for all the tokens in the bucket, the application is allowed to enter the network.

top-down development

In Web services, the process of developing a service from a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file. See also bottom-up development.

top-down mapping

An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which existing enterprise beans and their design determines the database design.

topic

A character string that describes the nature of the data that is being published in a publish/subscribe system.

topic-based subscription

A subscription specified by a subscribing application that includes a topic for filtering of publications.

topic security

The application of access control lists to one or more topics to control subscriber access to published messages.

top-level business object

The individual business object at the top of a hierarchical business object. It is a parent business object but does not itself have a parent business object. See also hierarchical business object.

topology

1. The physical or logical mapping of the location of networking components or nodes within a network. Common network topologies include bus, ring, star, and tree.

2. In the broker domain, the brokers, collectives, and connections between them.

touchpoint

A representation of an external system or application that can generate events or receive actions.

trading partner

A company, such as a manufacturer or a supplier, that agrees to exchange information using electronic data interchange, or an entity in an organization that sends and receives documents that are translated. See also external partner.

trailer

A control structure that indicates the end of an electronic transmission.

transactional collaboration

A collaboration that provides compensation for its service calls and executes under the control of InterChange Server transaction services. Such a collaboration can roll back when a runtime error causes the collaboration to fail. See also compensation, minimum transaction level.

transaction class

A subcontainer of a service policy that is used for finer-grained monitoring.

transaction ID

transaction identifier

A unique name that is assigned to a transaction and is used to identify the actions associated with that transaction.

transaction level

The degree of transactional isolation that a transactional collaboration provides. Transactional isolation involves keeping the data that the transaction affects from being affected by other processes (such as other collaborations). See also minimum transaction level.

transaction table

One of three types of database tables in the InterChange Server repository, the transaction tables store the status of each transaction being processed, which may include the action and business objects, depending on the transaction level. The two other types of database tables in the repository are the event management tables and the repository tables.

transcoding technology

Content adaptation to meet the specific capabilities of a client device.

transform

1. To convert a document from one form to another, such as using a purchase order formatted as an XML document to create the same purchase order formatted as an EDI document.

See also translate.

2. A defined way in which a message of one format is converted into one or more messages of another format.

transform algorithm

A procedure that is used to transform the message for Web services security message processing, such as the C14N (canonicalization) transform that is used for XML digital signatures.

Transformation API for XML

A programming interface that can transform XML and related tree-shaped data structures.

transformation step

A segment of Java code that returns the value of a destination attribute. A map contains one transformation step for each destination attribute that is being transformed.

transition condition

A Boolean expression that determines when processing control should be passed to the targeted node.

transition link

In a collaboration template's activity diagram, the line that indicates control flow between two nodes. If more than one outcome is possible between the nodes, each outcome is represented by a different transition link that leads to a different execution path. Each transition link may have an associated condition that is evaluated at runtime. Flow passes along the transition link whose expression evaluates to true. If the nodes have a single transition link, its condition is assumed to be true. See also control flow, exception transition link, normal transition link.

translate

In early versions of WebSphere Data Interchange, to convert a document from one form to another. See also transform.

translation table

A user-defined table that is used to translate data values that differ between the source and target documents. For example, a manufacturer and supplier with different part numbers for the same item can use a translation table to convert their part numbers to the other company's part numbers during translation.

translator

A component, usually the Data Interchange Services translator component, responsible for translating a document from one format to another.

Transmission Control Protocol

A communication protocol used in the Internet and in any network that follows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards for internetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol in packet-switched communication networks and in interconnected systems of such networks. See also Internet Protocol.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communication protocols that provides reliable end-to-end connections between applications over interconnected networks of different types.

transport

The request queue between a Web servers plug-in and a Web container in which the Web modules of an application reside. When a user requests an application from a Web browser, the request is passed to the Web server, then along the transport to the Web container.

Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

An organization that sets standards for the motor, rail, ocean, and air industries administered by EDIA. This is the original EDI organization for the United States, and through it, the original EDI Standards were developed, published, and maintained. It has now changed its name to EDIA, and has become the national EDI user group for the United States.

transport chain

A representation of a network protocol stack that is operating within an application server.

transport channel chain

A specification of the transport channels that are used by a server for receiving information. Transport channel chains contain end points

Transport Layer Security

An Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-defined security protocol that is based on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and is specified in RFC 2246.

tree node

See node.

trend analysis

A type of analysis that displays the analysis of the changes in a given item of information over a period of time.

trigger

1. In database technology, a program that is automatically called whenever a specified action is performed on a specific table or view.

2. A mechanism that detects an occurrence and can cause additional processing in response.

triggering event

The business object that a connector sends to subscribing collaborations when an application event occurs.

triple Data Encryption Standard

A block cipher algorithm that can be used to encrypt data transmitted between managed systems and the management server. Triple DES is a security enhancement of DES that employs three successive DES block operations.

trunk

In the CVS team development environment, the main stream of development, also referred to as the HEAD stream.

trust anchor

A trusted keystore file that contains a trusted certificate or a trusted root certificate that is used to assert the trust of a certificate.

trust association

An integrated configuration between the security server of the product and third-party security servers. A reverse proxy server acts as a front-end authentication server, while the product applies its own authorization policy onto the resulting credentials passed by the proxy server.

trust association interceptor

The mechanism by which trust is validated in the product environment for every request received by the proxy server. The method of validation is agreed upon by the proxy server and the interceptor.

trusted identity evaluator

A mechanism that is used by a server to determine whether to trust a user identity during identity assertion.

trust file

A file that contains signer certificates.

trust relationship

An established and trusted communication path through which a computer in one domain can communicate with a computer in the other domain. Users in a trusted domain can access resources in the trusting domain.

truststore

In security, a storage object, either a file or a hardware cryptographic card, where public keys are stored in the form of trusted certificates, for authentication purposes in Web transactions. In some applications, these trusted certificates are moved into the application keystore to reside with the private keys. See also keystore.

truststore file

A key database file that contains the public keys for a trusted entity.

type

1. In Java programming, a class or interface.

2. In a WSDL document, an element that contains data type definitions using some type system (such as XSD).

3. A characteristic of an element that describes its data content.

type hierarchy

The complete context for a Java class or interface including its superclasses and subclasses.

U

UDDI Business Registry

A collection of peer directories that contain information about businesses and services.

UDDI node

A set of Web services that supports at least one of the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) APIs. A UDDI node consists of one or more instances of a UDDI application running in an application server or a cluster of application servers with an instance of the UDDI database.

UDDI node initialization

The process by which values are set in the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) database and the behavior of the UDDI node is established.

UDDI node state

A description of the current status of the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) node.

UDDI policy

A statement of the required and expected behavior of a Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) registry that is specified through policy values that are defined in the UDDI specification.

UDDI property

A characteristic or attribute that controls the behavior of a Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) node.

UDDI registry

A distributed registry of businesses and their service descriptions that adheres to the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) standard for managing the discovery of Web services. UDDI registries come in two forms, public and private, both of which are implemented in a common XML format.

unary operator

An operator that changes the sign of a numeric value.

undelivered message queue

Unified Modeling Language

A standard notation for the modeling of real-world objects as a first step in developing an object-oriented design methodology.

Uniform Communication Standard

The EDI standard used in the grocery industry.

Uniform Resource Identifier

1. A unique address that is used to identify content on the Web, such as a page of text, a video or sound clip, a still or animated image, or a program. The most common form of URI is the Web page address, which is a particular form or subset of URI called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A URI typically describes how to access the resource, the computer that contains the resource, and the name of the resource (a file name) on the computer.

See also Uniform Resource Name.

2. A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource.

Uniform Resource Locator

The unique address of an information resource that is accessible in a network such as the Internet. The URL includes the abbreviated name of the protocol used to access the information resource and the information used by the protocol to locate the information resource.

Uniform Resource Name

A name that uniquely identifies a Web service to a client. See also Uniform Resource Identifier.

unique identifier

An identifier for each symbol in an activity diagram.

United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport

An international set of electronic data interchange (EDI) standards published by the United Nations that is built upon X12 and TDI (Trade Data Interchange) standards.

United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification

An open global standard for classifying products and services based on common function, purpose, and task.

United Nations Trade Data Interchange

A standard that preceded the UN/EDIFACT EDI standard.

universal character set

The ISO standard that allows all data to be represented as 2 bytes (UCS-2) or 4 bytes (UCS-4). Encoding in the UCS-2 form can accommodate the necessary characters for most of the world's written languages.

Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration

A set of standards-based specifications that enables companies and applications to quickly and easily find and use Web services over the Internet.

Universally Unique Identifier

The 128-bit numerical identifier that is used to ensure that two components do not have the same identifier.

UNIX System Services

An element of z/OS that creates a UNIX environment that conforms to XPG4 UNIX 1995 specifications and that provides two open-system interfaces on the z/OS operating system: an application programming interface (API) and an interactive shell interface.

unmanaged node

A node that is defined in the cell topology that does not have a node agent that manages the process. An unmanaged node is typically used to manage Web servers.

unmanaged Web application

A Web application with a life cycle that is managed outside of the WebSphere Extended Deployment administrative domain. By creating a representation of these applications that are deployed through external tooling, the on-demand router can prioritize and route HTTP requests to the application.

unmodeled fault

A fault message that is returned from a service that has not been modeled on the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) port type.

unrealized

Pertains to a Web diagram node that is not yet associated with an actual resource. See also realize.

unrecognized screen

In the 3270 terminal service development tools, a screen that cannot be identified by any of the recognition profiles currently defined.

unresolved flow

The business object whose receipt causes a collaboration to execute a scenario that ends unsuccessfully. An unresolved flow can be a failed flow, a deferred flow, an in-transit flow, or a possible duplicate flow.

upstream

Pertaining to the direction of the flow, which is from the start of the process (upstream) toward the end of the process (downstream).

URL scheme

A format that contains another object reference.

user-defined extension

An optional component that is designed by the user to extend the functionality of WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker. A user-defined extension can be either a node or a message parser. See also user-defined node, user-defined parser.

user-defined function

A function that is defined to the DB2 database system by using the CREATE FUNCTION statement and that can be referenced thereafter in SQL statements. A UDF can be an external function or an SQL function.

user-defined node

An extension to the broker that provides a new message flow node in addition to those supplied with the product. See also callback function, utility function, user-defined extension.

user-defined parser

An extension to the broker that provides a new message parser in addition to those supplied with the product. See also callback function, utility function, user-defined extension.

user exit profile

A profile that defines a user-provided program or exit routine to Data Interchange Services.

user group

A group consisting of one or more defined individual users, identified by a single group name.

User Name Server

A component that interfaces with operating system facilities to determine valid users and groups.

user name token

A type of token that is represented by a user name and optionally, by a password.

user registry

A database of known users and user-provided information that is used for authentication purposes.

UTF-8

Unicode Transformation Format, 8-bit encoding form, which is designed for ease of use with existing ASCII-based systems. The CCSID value for data in UTF-8 format is 1208.

utility function

A function provided by the broker that can be used by developers who write user-defined nodes or parsers. See also user-defined node, user-defined parser.

UTOKEN

The RACF security token that encapsulates or represents the security characteristics of a user. RACF assigns a UTOKEN to each user in the system.

V

validation

The checking of data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.

validation action

A mechanism for verifying whether the actual value of a variable at run time corresponds to the expected value of that variable. See also timing constraint.

validation map

A set of mapping instructions that describe additional validation for an EDI document. One of five supported map types.

validator

A program that checks data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.

value constraint

A limit that sets a restriction on the values that a simple type can represent.

variable

A representation of a changeable value. See also global variable.

variant action

An action that is derived from another action so that the content of the action can vary. A field in the variant action object can derive its value in a different way from the way that the same field derives its value in the base action object.

verb

1. The text string in a business object that specifies an operation to be performed on the attributes in a business object. A business object definition contains a list of supported verbs; the business object itself contains one of the supported verbs.

See people assignment criterion.

version

A separately licensed program that usually has significant new code or new function.

version control

The coordination and integration of the history of work submitted by a team. See also team support.

vertical scaling

Setting up multiple application servers on one machine, usually by creating cluster members.

vertical stacking

The process of starting more than one instance of the dynamic cluster on a node to manage bottlenecks.

view

In Eclipse-based user interfaces, a pane that is outside the editor area, which can be used to look at or work with the resources in the workbench.

view synchronous high-availability manager group

A special class of high availability (HA) group that can be created and used by components that require a certain virtual synchrony (VS) quality of service (QoS) for group communication.

virtual host

A configuration enabling a single host machine to resemble multiple host machines. Resources associated with one virtual host cannot share data with resources associated with another virtual host, even if the virtual hosts share the same physical machine.

virtual IP address

An IP address that is shared among multiple domain names or multiple servers. Virtual IP addressing enables one IP address to be used either when insufficient IP addresses are available or as a means to balance traffic to multiple servers.

virtualization

A technique that encapsulates the characteristics of resources from the way in which other systems interact with those resources.

virtual local area network

A logical association of switch ports based upon a set of rules or criteria, such as Medium Access Control (MAC) addresses, protocols, network address, or multicast address. This concept permits the LAN to be segmented again without requiring physical rearrangement.

virtual machine

An abstract specification for a computing device that can be implemented in different ways in software and hardware.

virtual private network

An extension of a company's intranet over the existing framework of either a public or private network. A VPN ensures that the data that is sent between the two endpoints of its connection remains secure.

virtual synchrony

A property of group communication that guarantees how messages are delivered when the view changes, for example, when existing members fail or new members join.

visibility service

A type of business service that monitors and displays the performance, behavior, or metrics of a business process.

visualization

An association between a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) diagram and the set of actions that describe how the diagram should be updated based on the values of metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs).

visual snippet

A diagrammatic representation of a fragment of Java programming language that can be manipulated with the visual snippet editor.

W

waiter

A thread waiting for a connection.

WAR

warehouse

A persistent, historical data store for events (or messages). The Warehouse node within a message flow supports the recording of information in a database for subsequent retrieval and processing by other applications.

WAR file

watchpoint

A breakpoint that suspends execution when a specified field or expression is modified.

WBMP

Web application

An application that is accessible by a Web browser and that provides some function beyond static display of information, for instance by allowing the user to query a database. Common components of a Web application include HTML pages, JSP pages, and servlets.

Web archive

A compressed file format, defined by the Java EE standard, for storing all the resources required to install and run a Web application in a single file. See also enterprise archive, Java archive.

Web browser

A client program that initiates requests to a Web server and displays the information that the server returns.

Web component

A servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP) file, or a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) file. One or more Web components make up a Web module.

Web container

A container that implements the Web component contract of the Java EE architecture. (Sun)

Web container channel

A type of channel within a transport chain that creates a bridge in the transport chain between an HTTP inbound channel and a servlet or JavaServer Pages (JSP) engine.

Web crawler

A type of crawler that explores the Web by retrieving a Web document and following the links within that document.

Web diagram

A Struts file that uses icons and other images on a free-form surface to help application developers visualize the flow structure of a Struts-based Web application.

Web module

A unit that consists of one or more Web components and a Web deployment descriptor. (Sun)

Web Ontology Language

A language that is used to explicitly represent the meaning of terms in vocabularies and the relationships between those terms. OWL is intended to be used when the information contained in documents needs to be processed by applications, as opposed to situations where the content only needs to be presented to humans. See also ontology.

Web portal

A single point of access to information that is from logically linked business services, presenting information from diverse sources uniformly.

Web project

A container for other resources such as source files and metadata that corresponds to the Java EE-defined container structure and hierarchy of files necessary for Web applications to be deployed.

Web property extension

IBM extension to the standard deployment descriptors for Web applications. These extensions include Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) filtering and servlet caching.

Web resource

Any one of the resources that are created during the development of a Web application for example Web projects, HTML pages, JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, custom tag libraries, and archive files.

Web resource collection

A list of URL patterns and HTTP methods that describe a set of resources to be protected. (Sun)

Web server

A software program that is capable of servicing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests.

Web server plug-in

A software module that supports the Web server in communicating requests for dynamic content, such as servlets, to the application server.

Web server separation

A topology where the Web server is physically separated from the application server.

Web service

1. A self-contained, self-describing modular application that can be published, discovered, and invoked over a network using standard network protocols. Typically, XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the services available, and UDDI is used for listing what services are available.

2. An application that performs specific tasks and is accessible through open protocols such as HTTP and SOAP.

Web service endpoint

An entity that is the destination for Web service messages. A Web service endpoint has a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) address and is described by a Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) port element.

Web service interface

A group of operations described by the content of a Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) 1.1 port element. These operations can provide access to resource properties and metadata. (OASIS)

Web Services Business Process Execution Language

Web Services Description Language

An XML-based specification for describing networked services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information.

Web Services Interoperability

An open industry organization that is chartered to promote Web services interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and programming languages.

Web Services Interoperability Organization

An open industry organization that promotes Web services interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and programming languages.

Web Services Invocation Framework

A Java API that supports dynamic invoking of Web services, regardless of the format in which the service is implemented or the access mechanism.

Web Services Invocation Language

An XML document format that facilitates the discovery of existing Web services and provides a set of rules for how inspection-related information should be made available for consumption.

Web Services Policy Framework

A model and framework for describing the capabilities, requirements, and general characteristics of a Web service as a policy assertion or a collection of policy assertions.

Web site

A related collection of files available on the Web that is managed by a single entity (an organization or an individual) and contains information in hypertext for its users. A Web site often includes hypertext links to other Web sites.

WebSphere

An IBM brand name that encompasses tools for developing e-business applications and middleware for running Web applications.

WebSphere BI for FN Extension for SWIFTNet

The extension supporting the SWIFTNet services InterAct and FIN. It also provides the integration of SWIFT Alliance Gateway (SAG).

WebSphere BI for FN message

A WebSphere MQ message that has a folder labeled ComIbmDni in the MQRFH2 header. This folder provides the data that is required by WebSphere BI for FN to process the message.

WebSphere business integration administrator

The person who has the access and responsibility to install, configure, and maintain the WebSphere business integration system. On an NT system, the WebSphere business integration administrator account is set up with administrator privileges, while on a UNIX system, the WebSphere business integration administrator account is a user account with write privileges, set up by the root user.

WebSphere business integration system

An enterprise solution that moves information among diverse sources to perform business exchanges, and that processes and routes information among disparate applications in the enterprise environment. The business integration system consists of an integration broker and one or more adapters.

WebSphere Common Configuration Model

A model that provides for programmatic access to configuration data.

WebSphere InterChange Server Access

WebSphere MQ

A family of IBM licensed programs that provides message queuing services.

WebSphere MQ Enterprise Transport

A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker that enables WebSphere MQ application clients to connect to brokers.

WebSphere MQ Mobile Transport

A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker that enables WebSphere MQ Everyplace application clients to connect to brokers.

WebSphere MQ Multicast Transport

A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker that enables dedicated JMS application clients to connect to brokers. This protocol is optimized for high volume, one-to-many publish/subscribe topologies.

WebSphere MQ Real-time Transport

A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker that enables dedicated JMS application clients to connect to brokers.

WebSphere MQ Telemetry Transport

A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker that enables SCADA devices to connect to brokers. This protocol is a lightweight publish/subscribe protocol that flows over TCP/IP that uses a subset of UTF-8.

WebSphere MQ Web Services Transport

A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration Message Broker that enables HTTP compliant application clients to connect to brokers.

what you see is what you get

A capability of an editor to continually display pages exactly as they will be printed or otherwise rendered.

while loop

A loop that repeats the same sequence of activities as long as some condition is satisfied. The while loop tests its condition at the beginning of every loop. If the condition is false from the start, the sequence of activities contained in the loop never runs.

wildcard character

A special character such as an asterisk (*) or a question mark (?) that can be used to represent one or more characters. Any character or set of characters can replace the wildcard character.

wire

1. A connector used to pass control and data from a component or an export to a target.

2. To connect two or more components or cooperative portlets so that they work together. In an application, wiring identifies target services; for portlets changes in the source portlet automatically update the target portlets.

Wireless Application Protocol

An open industry standard for mobile Internet access that allows mobile users with wireless devices to easily and instantly access and interact with information and services. 

wireless bitmap

A graphic format that is optimized for mobile computing devices. WBMP is part of the Wireless Application Protocol, Wireless Application Environment Specification.

Wireless Markup Language

A markup language based on XML that is used to present content and user interfaces for wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants.

wizard

An active form of help that guides users through each step of a particular task.

workbench

The user interface and integrated development environment (IDE) in Eclipse and Eclipse-based tools such as IBM Rational Application Developer.

work class

A mechanism for grouping specific work together that must be associated with a common service policy or routing policy. Work classes group Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) or Web services from an application.

workflow

The sequence of activities performed in accordance with the business processes of an enterprise.

working set

A logical collection of application projects that you can use to limit the number of resources that are displayed in the Broker Application Development perspective. See also active working set.

work item

In the human task editor, the representation of a task. Staff members can browse all work items that they have the authority to claim.

workload management

The optimization of the distribution of incoming work requests to the application servers, enterprise beans, servlets and other objects that can effectively process the request.

Workload Manager

A component of z/OS that provides the ability to run multiple workloads at the same time within one z/OS image or across multiple images.

work manager

A thread pool for Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) applications.

work object

A type of asynchronous bean that applications implement to run code blocks asynchronously.

workspace

1. In Eclipse, the collection of projects and other resources that the user is currently developing in the workbench. Metadata about these resources resides in a directory on the file system; the resources might reside in the same directory.

2. A temporary repository of configuration information that administrative clients use.

3. A directory on disk that contains all project files, as well as information such as preferences.

World Wide Web Consortium

An international industry consortium set up to develop common protocols to promote evolution and interoperability of the World Wide Web.

wrapper

1. An alternate and supported interface that hides unsupported data types required by a server object behind a thin intermediate server object.

2. An object that encapsulates and delegates to another object to alter its interface or behavior in some way. (Sun)

wrapper business object

A top-level business object that groups child business objects for a component to use in a single operation or contains processing information about its child business object. See also request business object, response business object.

wrapper collaboration

A collaboration that handles the verification or synchronization of a business object for another collaboration. Using a wrapper collaboration is important when a collaboration's triggering business object references another top-level business object, as when an Order references Customer. To isolate and preserve the integrity of the referenced data, the first collaboration creates a business object for the referenced data and sends it to a specific wrapper collaboration for further handling.

WSDL document

A file that provides a set of definitions that describe a Web service in Web Services Description Language (WSDL) format.

X

X12

A protocol from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for electronic data interchange (EDI).

X.25

A CCITT standard that defines an interface to packet switched communications services.

X.509 certificate

A certificate that contains information that is defined by the X.509 standard.

Xalan processor

An XSLT processor that is part of the Apache project. See also XSL Transformation.

XDoclet

An open, source code generation engine that uses special JavaDoc tags to parse Java source files and generate output such as XML descriptors or source code, based on templates.

X field

The primary data field in a chart. In a line chart, typically the X field appears along the horizontal axis. For example, an X field can represent cost data for the elements that appear along the horizontal axis of the chart.

XID

1. See transaction identifier.

2. A work ID that is a possible identifier for a distributed transaction used in the X/Open model.

XML catalog

A catalog that contains rules specifying how an XML processor should resolve references to entities. Use of a catalog eliminates the need to change URIs within XML documents as resources are moved during development.

XML digital signature

A specification that defines the XML syntax and the processing rules to sign and verify the digital signatures for the digital content.

XML document definition

A reference to either an XML DTD document definition or an XML schema document definition.

XML domain

The message domain that includes all messages that conform to the W3C XML standard. The XMLNS domain is an extension of the XML domain and contains messages that conform to the same standard and that can exploit the namespaces feature of the XML specification. Messages in this domain are processed by the XML parser. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain, XMLNSC domain.

XML encryption

A specification that defines how to encrypt the content of an XML element.

XMLNSC domain

An extension of the XML domain that provides high-performance XML parsing and offers optional XML Schema validation. Messages in this domain are processed by the XMLNSC parser. To process a message, a message model for messages is created in this domain, but a model is only necessary when messages are validated. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNS domain.

XMLNSC parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the XMLNSC domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output. The bit stream is a representation of an XML file.

XMLNS domain

An extension of the XML domain that contains messages that conform to the W3C XML standard, and that can also exploit the namespaces specification. Messages in this domain are processed by the XMLNS parser. See also BLOB domain, IDoc domain, JMS domain, MRM domain, XML domain, DataObject domain, MIME domain, SOAP domain, XMLNSC domain.

XMLNS parser

A program that interprets a message that belongs to the XMLNS domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output. The bit stream is a representation of an XML file.

XML parser

A program that reads XML documents and provides an application with access to their content and structure.

XML Path Language

A language that is designed to uniquely identify or address parts of source XML data, for use with XML-related technologies, such as XSLT, XQuery, and XML parsers. XPath is a World Wide Web Consortium standard.

XML schema

A mechanism for describing and constraining the content of XML files by indicating which elements are allowed and in which combinations. XML schemas are an alternative to document type definitions (DTDs) and can be used to extend functionality in the areas of data typing, inheritance, and presentation.

XML Schema Definition Language

A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.

XML Schema Infoset Model

A library that provides an API for manipulating the components of an XML Schema, as described by the W3C XML Schema specifications.

XML token

A security token that is in an XML format, such as a Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) token.

XML Wire Format

The physical representation of a message in the MRM domain that can be parsed as XML.

X/Open XA

The X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing XA interface. A proposed standard for distributed transaction communication. The standard specifies a bidirectional interface between resource managers that provide access to shared resources within transactions, and between a transaction service that monitors and resolves transactions.

XPath

XPath expression

An expression that searches through an XML document and extracts information from the nodes (any part of the document, such as an element or attribute) in that document.

XSD

1. See XML Schema Definition Language.

2. An instance of an XML schema written in XML Schema definition language. An XML Schema Definition file has the extension .xsd. The prefix "xsd" is also typically used in the XML elements of the XSD file to indicate the XML Schema namespace.

3. See XML Schema Infoset Model.

XSL style sheet

Code that describes how an XML document should be rendered (displayed or printed).

XSLT function

Function that is defined by the XSL Transform (XSLT) specification for the manipulation of numbers, strings, Boolean values, and node-sets.

XSL Transformation

A standard that uses XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other XML documents, fragments, or HTML documents. See also Xalan processor.

Y

Y field

A secondary data field in a chart. In a line chart, typically the Y fields appear along the vertical axis. For example, an Y field can represent resources whose costs are represented along the vertical axis of the chart.

Z

z/OS

An IBM mainframe operating system that uses 64-bit real storage.