A table is Second Normal Form (2NF) if it is 1NF and all non-key attributes are functionally dependent on the entire primary key
The 'order_ID' and 'product_ID' columns of the 'order' table form the composite key i.e a combination of both uniquely determines a record. The 'order_date' column does not depend on the entire composite key, it depends only on the 'order_ID'. Similarly, the 'order_status' and 'order_status_desc' columns depend only on the 'order_ID'. Hence, 2NF fails.
To make the 'order' table 2NF compliant, separate tables for sets of values that apply to multiple records are created and these tables are related through foreign keys.
Separate tables 'order_master' and 'order_details' are created.