Angle brackets (
< >
), braces ({ }
), double-quotation marks ("), and backslashes (\) are used in expressions as described below. Angle Brackets for Operators
Left and right angle brackets (< >
) are reserved for designating operators and modifiers. They are optional for AND
, OR
, and NOT
but required in all other cases. Examples in this guide appear with and without angle brackets. As the following simple syntax examples show, enter expressions either way:
- future <AND> trends
- future AND trends
You can also explicitly specify a topic by using
<TOPIC>
(topic_name), where topic_name represents the topic to be used. The following example means: Look for documents that contain elements of the topic named performing-arts
and the stemmed variations of the word "acting."
{ }
) to specify a topic. The following example means: Look for documents that contain elements of the topics named philosophy
and history
.
AND
, OR
, and NOT
), enclose the word in double quotation marks. For example, to search for the phrase "black and white TV," enter the following simple syntax: