Glossary

This glossary defines special terms used in the CICS® Transaction Gateway library.

3270 emulation
The use of software that enables a client to emulate an IBM® 3270 display station or printer, and to use the functions of an IBM host system.
abnormal end of task (abend)
The termination of a task, job, or subsystem because of an error condition that recovery facilities cannot resolve.
Advanced program-to-program communication (APPC)
An implementation of the SNA/SDLC LU 6.2 protocol that allows interconnected systems to communicate and share the processing of programs. The Client daemon uses APPC to communicate with CICS server systems.
APAR
See Authorized program analysis report.
API
Application programming interface.
applet
A small application program that performs a specific task and is usually portable between operating systems. Often written in Java™, applets can be downloaded from the Internet and run in a Web browser.
application identifier
The name by which a CICS system is known in a network of interconnected CICS systems. CICS Transaction Gateway application identifiers do not need to be defined in SYS1.VTAMLST. The CICS APPLID is specified in the APPLID system initialization parameter.
application programming interface (API)
A functional interface that allows an application program that is written in a high-level language to use specific data or functions of the operating system or another program.
APPLID
See application identifier.
ARM
See automatic restart management.
Authorized program analysis report (APAR)
A request for correction of a defect in a current release of an IBM-supplied program.
ATI
See automatic transaction initiation.
attach
In SNA, the request unit that flows on a session to initiate a conversation.
Attach Manager
The component of APPC that matches attaches received from remote computers to accepts issued by local programs.
autoinstall
A method of creating and installing resources dynamically as terminals log on, and deleting them at logoff.
automatic restart manager
A z/OS® recovery function that can improve the availability of specific batch jobs or started tasks, and therefore result in faster resumption of productive work. Acronym: ARM.
automatic transaction initiation (ATI)
The initiation of a CICS transaction by an internally generated request, for example, the issue of an EXEC CICS START command or the reaching of a transient data trigger level. CICS resource definition can associate a trigger level and a transaction with a transient data destination. When the number of records written to the destination reaches the trigger level, the specified transaction is automatically initiated.
bean
A definition or instance of a JavaBeans™ component. See also JavaBeans.
bean-managed transaction
A transaction where the J2EE bean itself is responsible for administering transaction tasks such as committal or rollback. See also container-managed transaction.
BIND command
In SNA, a request to activate a session between two logical units (LUs).
business logic
The part of a distributed application that is concerned with the application logic rather than the user interface of the application. Compare with presentation logic.
CA
See certificate authority.
callback
A way for one thread to notify another application thread that an event has happened.
certificate authority
In computer security, an organization that issues certificates. The certificate authority authenticates the certificate owner's identity and the services that the owner is authorized to use. It issues new certificates and revokes certificates from users who are no longer authorized to use them.
change-number-of-sessions (CNOS)
An internal transaction program that regulates the number of parallel sessions between the partner LUs with specific characteristics.
Start of changechannelEnd of change
Start of changeA channel is a set of containers, grouped together to pass data to CICS. There is no limit to the number of containers that can be added to a channel, and the size of individual containers is limited only by the amount of storage that you have available. End of change
Start of changeCICS connectivity componentsEnd of change
Start of changeA generic reference to the Client daemon, EXCI, and the IPIC protocol.End of change
CICS on System/390®
A generic reference to the products CICS Transaction Server for z/OS, CICS for MVS/ESA™, CICS Transaction Server for VSE/ESA™, and CICS/VSE®.
CICS TS
Abbreviation of CICS Transaction Server.
class
In object-oriented programming, a model or template that can be instantiated to create objects with a common definition and therefore, common properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.
classpath
In the execution environment, an environment variable keyword that specifies the directories in which to look for class and resource files.
Client API
The Client API is the interface used by Client applications to invoke services in CICS using the Client daemon. See External Call Interface, External Presentation Interface, and External Security Interface.
Client application
The client application is a user application written in a supported programming language, other than Java, that uses the Client API.
Client daemon
The Client daemon, process cclclnt, exists only on UNIX®, Windows®, and Linux®. It manages network connections to CICS servers. It processes ECI, EPI, and ESI requests, sending and receiving the appropriate flows from the CICS server to satisfy the application requests. It uses the CLIENT section of ctg.ini for its configuration.
client/server
Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data processing in which a program on one computer sends a request to a program on another computer and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a server.
CNOS
See Change-Number-of-Sessions.
code page
An assignment of hexadecimal identifiers (code points) to graphic characters. Within a given code page, a code point can have only one meaning.
color mapping file
A file that is used to customize the 3270 screen color attributes on client workstations.
commit phase
The second phase in a XA process. If all participants acknowledge that they are prepared to commit , the transaction manager issues the commit request. If any participant is not prepared to commit the transaction manager issues a back-out request to all participants.
communication area (COMMAREA)
A communication area that is used for passing data both between programs within a transaction and between transactions.
configuration file
A file that specifies the characteristics of a program, system device, server or network.
connection
In data communication, an association established between functional units for conveying information.
In Open Systems Interconnection architecture, an association established by a given layer between two or more entities of the next higher layer for the purpose of data transfer.
In TCP/IP, the path between two protocol application that provides reliable data stream delivery service.
In Internet, a connection extends from a TCP application on one system to a TCP application on another system.
container
A container is a named block of data designed for passing information between programs. A container is a "named COMMAREA" that is not limited to 32KB. Containers are grouped together in sets called channels.
container-managed transaction
A transaction where the EJB container is responsible for administration of tasks such as committal or rollback. See also bean-managed transaction.
control table
In CICS, a storage area used to describe or define the configuration or operation of the system.
conversation
A connection between two programs over a session that allows them to communicate with each other while processing a transaction.
conversation security
In APPC, a process that allows validation of a user ID or group ID and password before establishing a connection.
daemon
A program that runs unattended to perform continuous or periodic systemwide functions, such as network control. A daemon may be launched automatically, such as when the operating system is started, or manually.
data link control (DLC)
A set of rules used by nodes on a data link (such as an SDLC link or a token ring) to accomplish an orderly exchange of information.
DBCS
See double-byte character set.
dependent logical unit
A logical unit that requires assistance from a system services control point (SSCP) to instantiate an LU-to-LU session.
deprecated
Pertaining to an entity, such as a programming element or feature, that is supported but no longer recommended, and that might become obsolete.
digital certificate
An electronic document used to identify an individual, server, company, or some other entity, and to associate a public key with the entity. A digital certificate is issued by a certificate authority and is digitally signed by that authority.
digital signature
Information that is encrypted with an entity's private key and is appended to a message to assure the recipient of the authenticity and integrity of the message. The digital signature proves that the message was signed by the entity that owns, or has access to, the private key or shared secret symmetric key.
distributed application
An application for which the component application programs are distributed between two or more interconnected processors.
distributed processing
The processing of different parts of the same application in different systems, on one or more processors.
distributed program link (DPL)
A link that enables an application program running on one CICS system to link to another application program running in another CICS system.
DLL
See dynamic link library.
domain
In the Internet, a part of a naming hierarchy in which the domain name consists of a sequence of names (labels) separated by periods (dots).
domain name
In TCP/IP, a name of a host system in a network.
domain name server
In TCP/IP, a server program that supplies name-to-address translation by mapping domain names to internet addresses. Synonymous with name server.
dotted decimal notation
The syntactical representation for a 32-bit integer that consists of four 8-bit numbers written in base 10 with periods (dots) separating them. It is used to represent IP addresses.
double-byte character set (DBCS)
A set of characters in which each character is represented by 2 bytes. Languages such as Japanese, Chinese and Korean, which contain more symbols than can be represented by 256 code points, require double-byte character sets. Because each character requires 2 bytes, the typing, display, and printing of DBCS characters requires hardware and programs that support DBCS. Contrast with single-byte character set.
DPL
See distributed program link.
dynamic link library (DLL)
A collection of runtime routines made available to applications as required.
EBCDIC
See Extended binary-coded decimal interchange code.
ECI
See external call interface.
EJB
See Enterprise JavaBeans.
emulation program
A program that allows a host system to communicate with a workstation in the same way as it would with the emulated terminal.
emulator
A program that causes a computer to act as a workstation attached to another system.
encryption
The process of transforming data into an unintelligible form in such a way that the original data can be obtained only by using a decryption process.
enterprise bean
A Java component that can be combined with other resources to create J2EE applications. There are three types of enterprise beans: entity beans, session beans, and message-driven beans.
Enterprise JavaBeans
A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for the development and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications (J2EE).
environment variable
A variable that specifies the operating environment for a process. For example, environment variables can describe the home directory, the command search path, the terminal in use, and the current time zone.
EPI
See external presentation interface.
ESI
See external security interface.
Ethernet
A local area network that allows multiple stations to access the transmission medium at will without prior coordination, avoids contention by using carrier sense and deference, and resolves contention by using collision detection and transmission. Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
EXCI
See External CICS Interface.
external call interface (ECI)
A facility that allows a non-CICS program to run a CICS program. Data is exchanged in a COMMAREA as for normal CICS interprogram communication.
Extended binary-coded decimal interchange code (EBCDIC)
A coded character set of 256 8-bit characters developed for the representation of textual data.
extended logical unit of work (extended LUW)
A logical unit of work that is extended across successive ECI requests to the same CICS server.
External CICS Interface (EXCI)
The EXCI is an MVS® application programming interface provided by CICS Transaction Server for z/OS that enables a non-CICS program to call a CICS program and to pass and receive data using a COMMAREA or container. The CICS application program is invoked as if linked-to by another CICS application program.
external presentation interface (EPI)
A facility that allows a non-CICS program to appear to CICS as one or more standard 3270 terminals. 3270 data can be presented to the user by emulating a 3270 terminal or by using a graphical user interface.
external security interface (ESI)
A facility that enables client applications to verify and change passwords for user IDs on CICS servers.
firewall
A configuration of software that prevents unauthorized traffic between a trusted network and an untrusted network.
gateway
A device or program used to connect two systems or networks.
gateway classes
The Gateway Classes are the Java class library used by Java Client applications to invoke services in CICS.
Gateway daemon
The Gateway daemon is a long-running Java process used only in remote mode. The Gateway daemon listens for network requests from remote Java Client applications. It issues these requests to CICS using the CICS connectivity components. These are the Client daemon on UNIX, Windows, and Linux platforms, and EXCI or IPIC on z/OS. The Gateway daemon runs the protocol listener threads, the connection manager threads, and the worker threads. It uses the GATEWAY section of ctg.ini (and on z/OS the STDENV file or the ctgenvvar script) for its configuration.
Gateway group
A collection of Gateway daemon instances, that uses the services of a single ctgmaster. The group provides a TCP/IP load balancing capability for XA transactions.
gateway token
Gateway tokens are used in the statistical data API. A token represents a specific Gateway daemon, once a connection is established successfully.
global transaction
A recoverable unit of work performed by one or more resource managers in a distributed transaction processing environment and coordinated by an external transaction manager.
host
A computer that is connected to a network (such as the Internet or an SNA network) and provides an access point to that network. The host can be any system; it does not have to be a mainframe.
host address
An IP address that is used to identify a host on a network.
host ID
In TCP/IP, that part of the Internet address that defines the host on the network. The length of the host ID depends on the type of network or network class (A, B, or C).
host name
In the Internet suite of protocols, the name given to a computer. Sometimes, host name is used to mean the fully qualified domain name; other times, it is used to mean the most specific subname of a fully qualified domain name. For example, if mycomputer.city.company.com is the fully qualified domain name, either of the following may be considered the host name: mycomputer.city.company.com, mycomputer.
hover help
Information that can be viewed by holding a mouse over an item such as an icon in the user interface.
HTTP
See Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
HTTPS
See Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
In the Internet suite of protocols, the protocol that is used to transfer and display hypertext and XML documents.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
A TCP/IP protocol that is used by World Wide Web servers and Web browsers to transfer and display hypermedia documents securely across the Internet.
ID data
An ID data structure holds an individual result from a statistical API function.
iKeyman
A tool for maintaining digital certificates for JSSE.
independent logical unit
A logical unit (LU) that can both send and receive a BIND, and which supports single, parallel, and multiple sessions. See BIND.
Internet Architecture Board
The technical body that oversees the development of the internet suite of protocols known as TCP/IP.
Internet Protocol (IP)
In TCP/IP, a protocol that routes data from its source to its destination in an Internet environment.
interoperability
The capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a way that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units.
IP
Internet Protocol.
Start of changeIPICEnd of change
Start of changeSee IP interconnectivity (IPIC).End of change
IP address
A unique address for a device or logical unit on a network that uses the IP standard.
Start of changeIP interconnectivity (IPIC)End of change
Start of changeThe IPIC protocol enables Distributed Program Link (DPL) access from a non-CICS program to a CICS program over TCP/IP, using the External Call Interface (ECI). IPIC passes and receives data using COMMAREAs, or containers. End of change
J2EE
See Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition
J2EE Connector architecture (JCA)
A standard architecture for connecting the J2EE platform to heterogeneous enterprise information systems (EIS).
Java
An object-oriented programming language for portable interpretive code that supports interaction among remote objects.
Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
An environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications, defined by Sun Microsystems Inc. The J2EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that allow multitiered, Web-based applications to be developed.
JavaBeans
As defined for Java by Sun Microsystems, a portable, platform-independent, reusable component model.
Java Client application
The Java client application is a user application written in Java, including servlets and enterprise beans, that uses the Gateway classes.
Java Development Kit (JDK)
The name of the software development kit that Sun Microsystems provided for the Java platform, up to and including v 1.1.x. Sometimes used erroneously to mean the Java platform or as a generic term for any software developer kits for Java.
JavaGateway
The URL of the CICS Transaction Gateway with which the Java Client application will communicate. The JavaGateway takes the form protocol://address:port. These protocols are supported: tcp://, ssl://, and local:. The CICS Transaction Gateway runs with the default port value of 2006. This parameter is not relevant if you are using the protocol local:. For example, you might specify a JavaGateway of tcp://ctg.business.com:2006. If you specify the protocol as local: you will connect directly to the CICS server, bypassing any CICS Transaction Gateway servers.
Java Native Interface (JNI)
A programming interface that allows Java code running in a Java virtual machine to work with functions that are written in other programming languages.
Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
A subset of the Java Software Development Kit (SDK) that supports the execution, but not the development, of Java applications. The JRE comprises the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), the core classes, and supporting files.
Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE)
A Java package that enables secure Internet communications. It implements a Java version of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TSL) protocols and supports data encryption, server authentication, message integrity, and optionally client authentication.
Java virtual machine (JVM)
A software implementation of a processor that runs compiled Java code (applets and applications).
JDK
See Java development kit (JDK).
JCA
See J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA).
JNI
See Java Native Interface (JNI).
JRE
See Java Runtime Environment
JSSE
See Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE).
JVM
See Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
keyboard mapping
A list that establishes a correspondence between keys on the keyboard and characters displayed on a display screen, or action taken by a program, when that key is pressed.
key ring
In the JSSE protocol, a file that contains public keys, private keys, trusted roots, and certificates.
local mode
"Local mode" describes the use of the CICS Transaction Gateway local protocol. The Gateway daemon is not used in local mode.
local transaction
A recoverable unit of work managed by a resource manager and not coordinated by an external transaction manager
logical unit (LU)
In SNA, a port through which an end user accesses the SNA network in order to communicate with another end user and through which the end user accesses the functions provided by system services control points (SSCP). An LU can support at least two sessions, one with an SSCP and one with another LU, and may be capable of supporting many sessions with other logical units. See network addressable unit, primary logical unit, secondary logical unit.
logical unit 6.2 (LU 6.2)
A type of logical unit that supports general communications between programs in a distributed processing environment.
The LU type that supports sessions between two applications using APPC.
logical unit of work (LUW)
A recoverable unit of work performed within CICS.
LU-LU session
In SNA, a session between two logical units (LUs) in an SNA network. It provides communication between two end users, or between an end user and an LU services component.
LU-LU session type 6.2
In SNA, a type of session for communication between peer systems. Synonymous with APPC protocol.
LUW
See logical unit of work.
managed mode
Describes an environment in which connections are obtained from connection factories that the J2EE server has set up. Such connections are owned by the J2EE server.
medium access control (MAC) sublayer
One of two sublayers of the ISO Open Systems Interconnection data link layer proposed for local area networks by the IEEE Project 802 Committee on Local Area Networks and the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). It provides functions that depend on the topology of the network and uses services of the physical layer to provide services to the logical link control (LLC) sublayer. The OSI data link layer corresponds to the SNA data link control layer.
method
In object-oriented programming, an operation that an object can perform. An object can have many methods.
mode
In SNA, a set of parameters that defines the characteristics of a session between two LUs.
name server
In TCP/IP, synonym for Domain Name Server. In Internet communications, a host that translates symbolic names assigned to networks and hosts into Internet addresses.
network address
In SNA, an address, consisting of subarea and element fields, that identifies a link, link station, or network addressable unit (NAU). Subarea nodes use network addresses; peripheral nodes use local addresses. The boundary function in the subarea node to which a peripheral node is attached transforms local addresses to network addresses and vice versa. See also network name.
network addressable unit (NAU)
In SNA, a logical unit, a physical unit, or a system services control point. The NAU is the origin or the destination of information transmitted by the path control network. See also logical unit, network address, network name.
network name
In SNA, the symbolic identifier by which end users refer to a network addressable unit (NAU), link station, or link. See also network address.
node type
In SNA, a designation of a node according to the protocols it supports and the network addressable units (NAUs) it can contain. Four types are defined: 1, 2, 4, and 5. Type 1 and type 2 nodes are peripheral nodes; type 4 and type 5 nodes are subarea nodes.
nonmanaged mode
An environment in which the application is responsible for generating and configuring connection factories. The J2EE server does not own or know about these connection factories and therefore provides no Quality of Service facilities.
object
In object-oriented programming, a concrete realization of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data.
object-oriented (OO)
Describing a computer system or programming language that supports objects.
one-phase commit
A protocol with a single commit phase, that is used for the coordination of changes to recoverable resources when a single resource manager is involved.
pacing
A technique by which a receiving station controls the rate of transmission of a sending station to prevent overrun.
parallel session
In SNA, two or more concurrently active sessions between the same two LUs using different pairs of network addresses. Each session can have independent session parameters.
PING
In Internet communications, a program used in TCP/IP networks to test the ability to reach destinations by sending the destinations an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request and waiting for a reply.
partner logical unit (PLU)
In SNA, the remote participant in a session.
partner transaction program
The transaction program engaged in an APPC conversation with a local transaction program.
PLU
See primary logical unit and partner logical unit.
port
An endpoint for communication between devices, generally referring to a logical connection. A 16-bit number identifying a particular Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) resource within a given TCP/IP node.
prepare phase
The first phase of a XA process in which all participants are requested to confirm readiness to commit.
presentation logic
The part of a distributed application that is concerned with the user interface of the application. Compare with business logic.
primary logical unit (PLU)
In SNA, the logical unit that contains the primary half-session for a particular logical unit-to-logical unit (LU-to-LU) session. See also secondary logical unit.
protocol boundary
The signals and rules governing interactions between two components within a node.
Query strings
Query strings are used in the statistical data API. A query string is an input parameter, specifying the statistical data to be retrieved.
Resource Access Control Facility (RACF®)
An IBM licensed program that provides access control by identifying users to the system; verifying users of the system; authorizing access to protected resources; logging detected unauthorized attempts to enter the system; and logging detected accesses to protected resources.
region
In workload management on CICS Transaction Gateway for Windows, an instance of a CICS server.
remote mode
"Remote mode" describes the use of one of the supported CICS Transaction Gateway network protocols to connect to the Gateway daemon.
remote procedure call (RPC)
A protocol that allows a program on a client computer to run a program on a server. 
request unit (RU)
In SNA, a message unit that contains control information such as a request code, or function management (FM) headers, end-user data, or both.
request/response unit
A generic term for a request unit or a response unit. See also request unit and response unit.
response file
A file that contains predefined values that is used instead of someone having to enter those values one at a time. See CID methodology.
response unit (RU)
A message unit that acknowledges a request unit; it may contain prefix information received in a request unit.
resource group ID
A resource group ID is a logical grouping of resources, grouped for statistical purposes. A resource group ID is associated with a number of resource group statistics, each identified by a statistic ID.
resource ID
A resource ID refers to a specific resource. Information about the resource is included in resource-specific statistics. Each statistic is identified by a statistic ID.
resource manager
The participant in a transaction responsible for controlling access to recoverable resources. In terms of the CICS resource adapters this is represented by an instance of a ConnectionFactory.
Resource Recovery Services (RRS)
A z/OS facility that provides two-phase sync point support across participating resource managers.
Result set
A result set is a set of data calculated or recorded by a statistical API function.
Result set token
A result set token is a reference to the set of results returned by a statistical API function.
rollback
An operation in a transaction that reverses all the changes made during the unit of work. After the operation is complete, the unit of work is finished. Also known as a backout.
RU
Request unit. Response unit.
RPC
See remote procedure call.
SBCS
See single-byte character set.
secondary logical unit (SLU)
In SNA, the logical unit (LU) that contains the secondary half-session for a particular LU-LU session. Contrast with primary logical unit. See also logical unit.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A security protocol that provides communication privacy. SSL enables client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. SSL applies only to internet protocols, and is not applicable to SNA.
servlet
A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response to Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.
session limit
In SNA, the maximum number of concurrently active logical unit to logical unit (LU-to-LU) sessions that a particular logical unit (LU) can support.
single-byte character set (SBCS)
A character set in which each character is represented by 1 byte. Contrast with double-byte character set.
sign-on capable terminal
A sign-on capable terminal allows sign-on transactions, either CICS-supplied (CESN) or user-written, to be run. Contrast with sign-on incapable terminal.
SIT
See system initialization table.
SNA sense data
An SNA-defined encoding of error information In SNA, the data sent with a negative response, indicating the reason for the response.
SNASVCMG mode name
The SNA service manager mode name. This is the architecturally-defined mode name identifying sessions on which CNOS is exchanged. Most APPC-providing products predefine SNASVCMG sessions.
socket
A network communication concept, typically representing a point of connection between a client and a server. A TCP/IP socket will normally combine a host name or IP address, and a port number.
SSL
See Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
SSLight
An implementation of SSL, written in Java, and no longer supported by CICS Transaction Gateway.
statistic data
A statistic data structure holds individual statistical result returned after calling a statistical API function.
statistic group
A statistic group is a generic term for a collection of statistic IDs.
statistic ID
A statistic ID is a label refering to a specific statistic. A statistic ID is used to retrieve specific statistical data, and always has a direct relationship with a statistic group.
system initialization table
A table containing parameters used to start a CICS control region.
System Management Interface Tool (SMIT)
An interface tool of the AIX® operating system for installing, maintaining, configuring, and diagnosing tasks.
standard error
In many workstation-based operating systems, the output stream to which error messages or diagnostic messages are sent.
subnet
An interconnected, but independent segment of a network that is identified by its Internet Protocol (IP) address.
subnet address
In Internet communications, an extension to the basic IP addressing scheme where a portion of the host address is interpreted as the local network address.
sync point
A logical point in the execution of program where the changes made by the program are consistent and complete, and can be committed. The output, which has been held up to that point, is sent to its destination, the input is removed from the message queues, and updates are made available to other applications. When a program terminates abnormally, CICS recovery and restart facilities do not backout updates prior to the last completed sync point.
Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
An architecture that describes the logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for transmitting information units through the networks and also the operational sequences for controlling the configuration and operation of networks.
System SSL
An implementation of SSL, no longer supported by CICS Transaction Gateway on z/OS.
TCP62
SNA logical unit type 62 (LU62) protocol encapsulated in TCP/IP. This allows APPC applications to communicate over a TCP/IP Network without changes to the applications.
TCP/IP
See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP load balancing
The ability to distribute TCP/IP connections across target servers.
terminal emulation
The capability of a microcomputer or personal computer to operate as if it were a particular type of terminal linked to a processing unit and to access data. See also emulator, emulation program.
thread
A stream of computer instructions that is in control of a process. In some operating systems, a thread is the smallest unit of operation in a process. Several threads can run concurrently, performing different jobs.
timeout
A time interval that is allotted for an event to occur or complete before operation is interrupted.
TLS
See Transport Layer Security (TLS).
token-ring network
A local area network that connects devices in a ring topology and allows unidirectional data transmission between devices by a token-passing procedure. A device must receive a token before it can transmit data.
trace
A record of the processing of a computer program. It exhibits the sequences in which the instructions were processed.
transaction manager
A software unit that coordinates the activities of resource managers by managing global transactions and coordinating the decision to commit them or roll them back.
transaction program
A program that uses the Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC) application programming interface (API) to communicate with a partner application program on a remote system.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communications protocols that provide reliable end-to-end connections between applications over interconnected networks of different types.
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
A security protocol that provides communication privacy. TLS enables client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. TLS applies only to internet protocols, and is not applicable to SNA. TLS is also known as SSL 3.1.
two-phase commit
A protocol with both a prepare and a commit phase, that is used for the coordination of changes to recoverable resources when more than one resource manager is used by a single transaction.
type 2.0 node
A node that attaches to a subarea network as a peripheral node and provides a range of end-user services but no intermediate routing services.
type 2.1 node
An SNA node that can be configured as an endpoint or intermediate routing node in a network, or as a peripheral node attached to a subarea network.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A sequence of characters that represent information resources on a computer or in a network such as the Internet. This sequence of characters includes (a) the abbreviated name of the protocol used to access the information resource and (b) the information used by the protocol to locate the information resource.
unit of recovery (UR)
A defined package of work to be performed by the RRS.
unit of work (UOW)
A recoverable sequence of operations performed by an application between two points of consistency. A unit of work begins when a transaction starts or at a user-requested sync point. It ends either at a user-requested sync point or at the end of a transaction.
user session
Any APPC session other than a SNASVCMG session.
verb
A reserved word that expresses an action to be taken by an application programming interface (API), a compiler, or an object program.
In SNA, the general name for a transaction program’s request for communication services.
version string
A character string containing version information about the statistical data API.
Web browser
A software program that sends requests to a Web server and displays the information that the server returns.
Web server
A software program that responds to information requests generated by Web browsers.
wide area network (WAN)
A network that provides communication services to a geographic area larger than that served by a local area network or a metropolitan area network, and that may use or provide public communication facilities.
wrapping trace
A configuration in which the Maximum Client wrap size setting is greater than 0. The total size of Client daemon binary trace files is limited to the value specified in the Maximum Client wrap size setting. With standard I/O tracing, two files, called cicscli.bin and cicscli.wrp, are used; each can be up to half the size of the Maximum Client wrap size.
Start of changeXA requestsEnd of change
Start of changeAn XA request is any request sent or received by the CICS Transaction Gateway in support of an XA transaction. These requests include the XA commands commit, complete, end, forget, prepare, recover, rollback, and start.End of change
XA transaction
A global transaction that adheres to the X/Open standard for distributed transaction processing (DTP.)