Troubleshooting Guide

Conventions

You will find this book easier to use if you look for these conventions:

How to Read the Syntax Diagrams

Throughout this book, syntax is described using syntax diagrams.

Read the syntax diagrams from left to right and top to bottom, following the path of the line.

The >>--- symbol indicates the beginning of a statement.

The ---> symbol indicates that the statement syntax is continued on the next line.

The >--- symbol indicates that a statement is continued from the previous line.

The -->< symbol indicates the end of a statement.

Required items appear on the horizontal line (the main path).

>>-STATEMENT--required item------------------------------------><
 

Optional items that are part of the syntax appear below the main path.

>>-STATEMENT----+----------------+-----------------------------><
                '-optional item--'
 

If an optional item appears above the main path, that item has no effect on the execution of the statement and is used only for readability.

                .-optional item--.
>>-STATEMENT----+----------------+-----------------------------><
 

If you can choose from two or more items, they appear in a stack.

If you must choose one of the items, one item of the stack appears on the main path.

>>-STATEMENT----+-required choice1-+---------------------------><
                '-required choice2-'
 

If the statement is complete without any of the items, the entire stack appears below the main path.

>>-STATEMENT----+------------------+---------------------------><
                +-optional choice1-+
                '-optional choice2-'
 

If one of the items is the default, it appears above the main path and the remaining choices are shown below.

                .-default choice--.
>>-STATEMENT----+-----------------+----------------------------><
                +-optional choice-+
                '-optional choice-'
 

An arrow returning to the left, above the main line, indicates an item that can be repeated. In this case, repeated items must be separated by one or more blanks.

                .--------------------.
                V                    |
>>-STATEMENT-------repeatable item---+-------------------------><
 

If the repeat arrow contains a comma, you must separate repeated items with a comma.

                .-,------------------.
                V                    |
>>-STATEMENT-------repeatable item---+-------------------------><
 

A repeat arrow above a stack indicates that you can make more than one choice from the stacked items or repeat a single choice.

Keywords appear in uppercase (for example, FROM). They must be spelled exactly as shown. Variables appear in lowercase (for example, column-name). They represent user-supplied names or values in the syntax.

If punctuation marks, parentheses, arithmetic operators, or other such symbols are shown, you must enter them as part of the syntax.

Placeholder variables, such as path, appear in italics. Replace them with the appropriate value when you key the syntax.

Sometimes a single variable represents a set of several parameters. For example, in the following diagram, the variable parameter-block can be replaced by any of the interpretations of the diagram that is headed parameter-block:

>>-STATEMENT----| parameter-block |----------------------------><
 
 
parameter-block
 
|--+-parameter1-----------------+-------------------------------|
   '-parameter2--+-parameter3-+-'
                 '-parameter4-'
 

Adjacent segments occurring between "large bullets" (*) may be specified in any sequence.

>>-STATEMENT--item1--*--item2--*--item3--*--item4--------------><
 

The above diagram shows that item2 and item3 may be specified in either order. Both of the following are valid:

STATEMENT item1 item2 item3 item4
STATEMENT item1 item3 item2 item4


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